The dwarf tinamou ( Taoniscus nanus), also known as the least tinamou, is a small, superficially partridge-like bird with short tail and wings, found only in Brazil. This tinamou is the only member of the genus Taoniscus and it is considered an endangered species.
Taxonomy and systematics
All tinamou are from the family Tinamidae, and in the larger scheme are also
. Unlike other ratites, tinamous can fly, although in general, they are not strong fliers. All ratites evolved from prehistoric flying birds, and tinamous are the closest living relative of these birds.
[Davies, S. J. J. F. (2003)] The dwarf tinamou is the
Monotypic taxon of the genus
Taoniscus and is a monotypic species.
A phylogenetic study published in 2022 found that the dwarf tinamou was embedded within the genus Nothura.
Description
It is approximately long. It is greyish-brown with a pale throat, boldly patterned neck and upper parts, and it has brown-barred buff underparts and a blackish crown. Some individuals are significantly darker and greyer than others, but it remains unclear if these
plumage variations are morphs or differences between the sexes. The iris and legs are dull yellowish. It resembles a small dumpy
nothura, but is more easily confused with the
ocellated crake.
Vocalizations
Its
bird song consists of high-pitched cricket-like trills followed by
peet notes.
Distribution and habitat
The dwarf tinamou is found in the arid
scrubland , around in
elevation, restricted to the
Cerrado region of interior southeastern
Brazil[Clements, J. (2007)] in Distrito Federal, Goiás,
Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo and formerly Paraná. Specimens
were also known from
Paraguay (Misiones) and
Argentina (the Río Bermejo in either
Chaco Province or
Formosa Province), but all recent records are from Brazil.
It is, however, highly inconspicuous and easily overlooked.
Behaviour and ecology
Feeding
The diet of the dwarf tinamou consists mainly of
,
or other
and
.
Threats
The dwarf tinamou is currently threatened by the ongoing
habitat loss caused by mechanised agriculture, intensive
ranch,
afforestation,
invasive plant grasses, excessive use of
and annual burning. It is also
Hunting by people for food in some areas. Farming and ranching are its largest threats.
The dwarf tinamou is evaluated as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
It has an occurrence range of , and the last population estimate, done in 2000, showed between 5,800 and 6,960 adults.
[BirdLife International (2008)]
Status
The dwarf tinamou is currently being conserved in three protected areas: Serra da Canastra National Park, Itapetininga Experimental Station and the IBGE Roncador Biological Reserve. Several areas adjacent to the Río Bermejo,
Argentina, have been surveyed with the aid of tape-playback, but the species has not been found. It was also proposed to survey Serra do Cipó National Park, Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and Emas National Park specifically for this species with the aid of tape-playback. And conduct further surveys in Argentina and Paraguay in the areas where the specimen was collected. It was also proposed to determine best management practices for existing protected areas and control the burning of
cerrado habitats.
Footnotes
External links
