Hydrochloride

In chemistry, a hydrochloride is an acid salt resulting, or regarded as resulting, from the reaction of hydrochloric acid with an organic base (e.g. an amine). An alternative name is chlorhydrate, which comes from French. An archaic alternative name is muriate, derived from hydrochloric acid's ancient name: muriatic acid.

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Uses Converting into their hydrochlorides is a common way to improve their solubility, which can be desirable for substances used in medications.

(2025). 9783906390512, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9783906390512

The European Pharmacopoeia lists more than 200 hydrochlorides as active ingredients in medications.European Pharmacopoeia 7th Edition 2011, EDQM. These hydrochlorides, compared to , may more readily dissolve in the gastrointestinal tract and be absorbed into the bloodstream more quickly. Additionally, many hydrochlorides of amines have a longer shelf-life than their respective free bases.

Amine hydrochlorides represent latent forms of a more reactive free base. In this regard, formation of an amine hydrochloride confers protecting group. This effect is illustrated by the hydrochlorides of the amino acids. Glycine methyl ester hydrochloride is a shelf-stable salt that can be readily converted to a reactive glycine methyl ester, a compound that is not shelf-stable.

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See also

• Chloride, inorganic salts of hydrochloric acid
• Free base (chemistry)
• Quaternary ammonium cation

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