A bomb shelter is a structure designed to provide protection against the effects of a bomb.
Types of shelter
Different kinds of bomb shelters are configured to protect against different kinds of attack and strengths of hostile explosives.
Air raid shelter
An air raid shelter is a structure built to protect against bomber planes dropping bombs over a large area. These were commonly seen during World War II, such as the "Anderson shelters" of the United Kingdom.
Fallout shelter
A fallout shelter is a shelter designed specifically for a
nuclear war, with thick walls made from materials intended to block the radiation from
nuclear fallout resulting from a nuclear explosion. Many such shelters
were constructed as civil defense measures during the
Cold War. A
blast shelter protects against more conventional bomb blasts. Its main purpose is to protect from
and
overpressure and also from
earthquake.
Bunker
While these forms of bomb shelters are equally amenable to civilians and military use, a bunker is more commonly associated with military use. A bunker may be hastily assembled as part of an ongoing military advance, or to hold a line. Bunkers have also been popular with the
survivalism subculture.
History
While military units have long built defensive structures to protect against various kinds of hostile bombardment, the use of the phrase "bomb shelter" can be traced at least as far back as 1833. A dictionary from that year defines a "casement" as "a bomb-proof shelter for soldiers in garrison".
[George Crabb, A dictionary of general knowledge (1833), p. 86.] In 1881, the United States War Department issued a report in which it indicated that the defenses of Charleston, South Carolina included construction at
Fort Moultrie of:
The shortening of this phrase to the conventional "bomb shelter" appears in print at least as early as 1895.[John Roy Musick Sustained honor: a story of the war of 1812 (1895), p. 383: "He hurried her away to the bomb-shelter, where her father lay raging and fuming, because his infirmity would not allow him to take part in the contest".]
