Aliphatic compound

 ( Organic Compounds ) 

In organic chemistry, (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and aliphatic compounds (; G. aleiphar, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bonds are single, requiring the structure to be completed, or 'saturated', by hydrogen) like hexane, or , like hexene and hexyne. Open-chain compounds, whether straight or branched, and which contain no rings of any type, are always aliphatic. cyclic compound can be aliphatic if they are not aromatic.

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Structure Aliphatic compounds can be saturated, joined by single bonds (), or unsaturated, with double bonds () or triple bonds (). If other elements () are bound to the Catenation, the most common being oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine, it is no longer a hydrocarbon, and therefore no longer an aliphatic compound. However, such compounds may still be referred to as aliphatic if the hydrocarbon portion of the molecule is aliphatic, e.g. , to differentiate them from aromatic amines.

The least complex aliphatic compound is methane (CH₄).

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Properties Most aliphatic compounds are flammable, allowing the use of as fuel, such as methane in natural gas for stoves or heating; butane in Butane torch and Lighter; various aliphatic (as well as aromatic) hydrocarbons in liquid transportation fuels like Gasoline, Diesel fuel, and jet fuel; and other uses such as ethyne (acetylene) in welding.

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Examples of aliphatic compounds The most important aliphatic compounds are:

• n-, iso- and cyclo-alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons)
• n-, iso- and cyclo-alkenes and -alkynes (unsaturated hydrocarbons).

Important examples of low-molecular aliphatic compounds can be found in the list below (sorted by the number of carbon-atoms):

Alkane

Alkyne

Alkene

Alkane

Diene

Alkyne

Alkene

Alkane

Diene

Alkyne

Alkene

Alkane

Alkane

Cycloalkene

Cycloalkane

Alkane

Cycloalkane

Prismanes, Platonic hydrocarbon

Alkane

Diene, Cycloalkene

Terpene, Diene, Cycloalkene

Terpene, Diene, Cycloalkene

Terpene, Diene, Cycloalkene

Alkane

Terpene, Polyene

Alkane

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