The Tjeker or Tjekker (Egyptian: ṯꜣkꜣr or ṯꜣkkꜣr) were one of the Sea Peoples.
Known mainly from the "Story of Wenamun", the Tjeker are also documented earlier, at Medinet Habu, as raiders defeated by Pharaoh Ramesses III of Ancient Egypt in years 5, 8, and 12 of his reign.[The campaigns are covered under Sea Peoples and are not repeated here.] They are thought to be the people who developed the port of Tel Dor in Canaan during the 12th century BCE from a small Bronze Age town to a large city.
Origin
As with other Sea Peoples, the origins of the Tjeker are uncertain. Their name is an Egyptian
exonym, usually romanized as
tkr, and expanded as
Tjekru or
Djekker. As such there is no consensus on the original form or etymology of the name, or the origin of the people. They have sometimes been identified with the
Sicels of Sicily, who are also linked to
Shekelesh: another exonym attributed to a different group amongst the Sea Peoples. Another theory, put forward by
Flinders Petrie, links the ethnonym to
Zakros, in eastern Crete.
[James Baikie mentioned it on pp. 166, 187 of his book The Sea-Kings of Crete, 2nd edition (Adam and Charles Black, London, 1913).] Some other scholars have accepted the association.
[Redford, p. 252.] A possible identity has been suggested with the
Teucri, a tribe described by ancient sources as inhabiting northwest Anatolia to the south of
Troy.
[The identification of Tjeker and Greek Teukroi, Latinized to Teucri, was first made by Lauth in 1867, and was repeated by François Chabas in his Études sur l’Antiquité Historique d’après les sources égyptiennes et les monuments réputés préhistoriques of 1872, according to the Woudhuizen dissertation.][Sandars Page 170, "The Tjeker."] However, this has been dismissed as "pure speculation" by Trevor Bryce.
[Bryce, Trevor R. The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press, 1998 & 2005. p.339 [2]]
Settlement at Dor
The Tjeker may have conquered the city
Tel Dor, on the coast of
Canaan near modern
Haifa, and turned it into a large, well-fortified city (classified as "Dor XII", fl. c. 1150–1050), the center of a Tjeker kingdom that is confirmed archaeologically in the northern
Sharon plain. The city was violently destroyed in the mid-11th century BCE, with the conflagration turning the mud bricks red and depositing a huge layer of ash and debris.
Ephraim Stern[Page 31] connects the destruction with the contemporary expansion of the
, which was checked by the
Philistines further south and the
United Monarchy.
The Tjeker are perhaps one of the few Sea Peoples for whom a ruler's name is recorded — in the 11th-century papyrus account of Wenamun, an Egyptian priest, the ruler of Dor is given as "Beder".
According to Edward Lipinski,[Page 96] the Sicals (Tjekker) of Dor were seamen or mercenaries, and b3-dỉ-r (Beder) was the title of the local governor, a deputy of the king of Tyre.
No mention of the Tjeker is made after the story of Wenamun.
Notes
