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   » Wiki: Tetrapyrrole
Tag Wiki 'Tetrapyrrole'.
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Tetrapyrroles are a class of chemical compounds that contain four or pyrrole-like rings. The pyrrole/pyrrole derivatives are linked by ( or units), in either a linear or a cyclic fashion. Pyrroles are a five-atom ring with four carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom. Tetrapyrroles are common cofactors in biochemistry and their biosynthesis and degradation feature prominently in the chemistry of life.

Some tetrapyrroles form the active core of compounds with crucial roles in living systems, such as and . In these two molecules, in particular, the pyrrole ring frames a metal atom, that forms a coordination compound with the pyrroles and plays a central role in the biochemical function of those molecules.


Structure
Linear tetrapyrroles (called ) include: Nomenclature of Tetrapyrroles, Appendix 1. Trivially named porphyrins, chlorins, chlorophylls and bilins, fundamental parents File:Bilirubin ZZ.png| File:Biliverdin3.svg| File:Phycoerythrobilin.svg|Phycoerythrobilin File:Luciferin dinoflagellate.svg| (R=H) and (R=OH) File:Uroporphyrinogen III skeletal.svg|uroporphyrinogen III, an authentic tetrapyrrole

Cyclic tetrapyrroles having four one-carbon bridges include:

  • , the simplest tetrapyrrole
  • , including , the core of hemoglobin
  • , including those at the core of chlorophyll.
Cyclic tetrapyrroles having three one-carbon bridges and one direct bond between the pyrroles include:
  • , including the cores of , when complexed with a ion.
File:Heme.svg| group of hemoglobin with a macrocycle. File:C-3 position Chlorophyll a.svg|The section of the molecule. The green box shows a that varies between types. File:Cobalamin.svg| structure includes a macrocycle.

The tetrapyrrole portions of the molecules typically act as because of a high degree of conjugation in them. Therefore, these compounds are commonly colored.

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