Product Code Database
Tehran is the capital city and largest city of Iran. It is also the capital of Tehran province and the administrative center for Tehran County and its Central District. With a population of around 9.8 million in the city, and 16.8 million in the metropolitan area, Tehran is the most populous city in Iran and Western Asia, SI ee List of metropolitan areas in Asia. the second-largest metropolitan area in the Middle East after Cairo, and the 24th-most-populous metropolitan area in the world. Greater Tehran includes several municipalities, including Karaj, Eslamshahr, Shahriar, Qods, Malard, Golestan, Pakdasht, Qarchak, Nasimshahr, Parand, Pardis, Andisheh and Fardis.
In classical antiquity, part of the territory of present-day Tehran was occupied by Rhages (now Ray), a prominent Medes city that was destroyed in the medieval Arab, Oghuz Turks, and Mongol invasions. Modern Ray was absorbed into the metropolitan area of Greater Tehran. Tehran was first chosen as the capital of Iran in 1786 by Agha Mohammad Khan of the Qajar dynasty, due to its proximity to Iran's territories in the Caucasus—which were contested in the Russo-Iranian Wars—and to avoid the vying factions of prior ruling Iranian dynasties; the capital of Iran had been moved several times throughout its long history, with Tehran becoming the 32nd. Under Naser al-Din Shah (1848-1896), Tehran witnessed Iran's first institute of higher learning, bank, railway line and museum. Large-scale construction works began in the 1920s, and Tehran became a destination for mass migrations from all over Iran in the 20th century.
Tehran is home to many historical sites, including the World Heritage Site Golestan Palace of Qajar dynasty and the Sa'dabad, Niavaran Complex and Marmar palace complexes of the Pahlavi dynasty. Landmarks include the Azadi Tower, a memorial built in 1971 to mark the 2,500th anniversary of the Persian Empire; the Milad Tower, the world's sixth-tallest self-supporting tower, completed in 2007; and the Tabiat Bridge, completed in 2014.
Most residents of Tehran are Persian people, of whom roughly 99% speak the Persian language; there are numerous other ethnolinguistic groups that are Persianization and assimilated. Tehran has been described as a cultural "melting pot", hosting more Azerbaijanis than any other city in the world, as well as over 2 million Kurds. Tehran is served by Imam Khomeini International Airport, alongside the domestic Mehrabad Airport, a central railway station, Tehran Metro, the Tehran Bus Rapid Transit system, trolleybuses, and a large network of highways.
Due to air pollution and earthquakes, there have been plans to relocate the capital to another area, although none have been approved. A 2016 survey of 230 cities across the globe by Mercer ranked Tehran 203rd for quality of life. According to the Global Destinations Cities Index in 2016, Tehran is among the top ten fastest growing tourism destinations. In 2016, the Tehran City Council declared 6 October "Tehran Day", celebrating the date in 1907 when the city officially became the capital of Iran.
The official City of Tehran website says that "Tehran" comes from the Persian words "Tah" meaning "end", or "bottom", and "Ran" meaning "mountain slope"—literally, the bottom of the mountain (ته کوه), referring to Tehran's position at the foot of the Alborz mountains.
In English, it is also spelt " Teheran", with both variants being used in books since at least 1800, and "Teheran" being the dominant form from after WWII until shortly before the Islamic Revolution.John Allen Gay for The National Interest, 27 May 2014. "When Did Peking Become Beijing and Persia Become Iran? We Have the Data", with the Google Books Ngram Viewer graph here. Accessed 12 December 2023.
Mount Damavand, the highest peak of Iran, which is located near Tehran, is an important location in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh,A. Tafazolli, "In Iranian Mythology" in Encyclopædia Iranica an Iranian epic poem based on the ancient legends of Iran. It appears in the epics as the homeland of the protoplast Keyumars, the birthplace of King Manuchehr, the place where King Fereydun bound the dragon fiend Zahhak (Bivarasp), and the place where Arash shot his arrow.
In the ninth century, Tehran was a well-known village, but less so than Rhages, flourishing nearby. Rhages was described in detail by tenth-century Muslim geographers. Despite the interest that Arabian Baghdad displayed in Rhages, the number of Arabs in the city remained insignificant and the population mainly consisted of Iranians of all classes.(Bulddan, Yackubl, 276)
The Oghuz Turks invaded Rhages in 1035 and again in 1042, but the city was recovered under the Seljuk Empire and the Khwarezmians. Medieval writer Najm od Din Razi declared the population of Rhages about 500,000 before the Mongol invasion. In the 13th century, the Mongol Empire invaded Rhages, laid the city to ruins, and massacred many of its inhabitants. Others escaped to Tehran. In July 1404, Castilian ambassador Ruy González de Clavijo visited Tehran on a journey to Samarkand, the capital of Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur, the ruler of Iran at the time. He described it in his diary as an unwalled region.
In the early 18th century, Karim Khan of the Zand dynasty ordered a palace and a government office built in Tehran, possibly to declare the city his capital; but he later moved his government to Shiraz. Eventually, Qajar king Agha Mohammad Khan chose Tehran as the capital of Iran in 1786. Khan's choice of his capital was based on a similar concern for the control of both northern and southern Iran. He was aware of the loyalties of the inhabitants of former capitals Isfahan and Shiraz to the Safavid dynasty and Zand dynasties respectively, and was wary of the power of the local notables in these cities. Thus, he probably viewed Tehran's lack of a substantial urban structure as a blessing, because it minimized the chances of resistance to his rule by the notables and by the general public. He had to remain within close reach of Azerbaijan and Iran's integral North Caucasus and South Caucasus Caucasus—at that time not yet irrevocably lost per the treaties of Golestan and Turkmenchay to the neighboring Russian Empire—which would follow in the course of the 19th century.
After 50 years of Qajar rule, the city still barely had more than 80,000 inhabitants. Up until the 1870s, Tehran consisted of a walled citadel, a roofed bazaar, and the three main neighborhoods of Oudlajan, Chale-Meydan, and Sangelaj, where the majority resided.
During the long reign of Naser al-Din Shah (1848-1896), Tehran witnessed Iran's first institute of higher learning, bank, railway line and museum. The city expanded rapidly through multiple development plans. The first development plan in 1855 emphasized traditional spatial structure. The second, under the supervision of Dar ol Fonun in 1878, included new city walls, in the form of a perfect octagon with an area of 19 square kilometers, mimicking the Renaissance cities of Europe. Tehran was 19.79 square kilometers and had expanded more than fourfold.Shirazian, Reza, Atlas-i Tehran-i Qadim, Dastan Publishing House: Tehran, 2015, P. 11
Mohammad Ali Shah abolished the constitution and bombarded the parliament with the help of the Russian-controlled Cossack Brigade on 23 June 1908. That was followed by the capture of the city by the revolutionary forces of Ali-Qoli Khan (Sardar Asad II) and Mohammad Vali Khan (Sepahsalar e Tonekaboni) on 13 July 1909. As a result, the monarch was exiled and replaced by his son Ahmad, and the parliament was re-established.
During the Persian campaign of World War I, Russian forces that were occupying the northwest of Iran marched around Qazvin and approached Tehran, caused a crisis and the dissolution of parliament. Ahmad Shah Qajar and his entourage decided to leave Tehran and move the capital to another place, sparking fears of rebellion in other cities.Bahar, Mohammad Taghi (1992). A brief history of political parties in Iran: the extinction of the Qajar dynasty. J. First. Amir Kabir Publications. During the Battle of Robat Karim, Iranian forces led by Heydar Latifiyan prevented the Russians from taking Tehran, despite the latter winning the battle. This also allowed government functions to be moved to Qom and then to Isfahan, while the monarchy remained in Tehran.
Changes to the urban fabric began with the street-widening act of 1933, which served as a framework for changes in all other cities. The Grand Bazaar was divided in half and many historic buildings were demolished and replaced by wide straight avenues, and the traditional texture of the city was replaced with intersecting cruciform streets that created large roundabouts in major public spaces such as the bazaar. As an attempt to create a network for easy transportation within the city, the old citadel and city walls were demolished in 1937, replaced by wide streets cutting through the urban fabric. By 1937 the city was heavily influenced by modernist planning patterns of zoning and gridiron networks.
During World War II, Soviet and British troops entered the city. In 1943, Tehran was the site of the Tehran Conference, attended by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Soviet premier Joseph Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.
The establishment of the planning organization of Iran in 1948 resulted in the first socioeconomic development plan to cover from 1949 to 1955. These plans not only failed to slow the unbalanced growth of Tehran but with the 1962 land reforms that Reza Shah's son and successor Mohammad Reza Shah named the White Revolution, Tehran's chaotic growth was further accentuated.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Tehran developed rapidly under Mohammad Reza Shah. Modern buildings altered the face of Tehran and ambitious projects were planned for the following decades. To resolve the problem of social exclusion, the first comprehensive plan was approved in 1968. The consortium of Iranian architect Abd-ol-Aziz Farmanfarmaian and the American firm of Victor Gruen identified the main problems blighting the city as high-density suburbs, air and water pollution, inefficient infrastructure, unemployment, and rural-urban migration. Eventually, the whole plan was marginalized by the 1979 Revolution and the subsequent Iran–Iraq War.
Tehran's most famous landmark, the Azadi Tower, was built by the order of the Shah in 1971. It was designed by Hossein Amanat, an architect whose design won a competition, combining elements of classical Sassanian architecture with post-classical Iranian architecture. Formerly known as the Shahyad Tower, it was built to commemorate the 2,500th anniversary of the Imperial State of Iran.
During the Iran–Iraq War in 1980 to 1988, Tehran was repeatedly targeted by airstrikes and Scud missile attacks and the war led to substantial infrastructural damage.
The 435-meter-high Milad Tower, one of the proposed development projects of pre-revolutionary Iran, was completed in 2007 and has become a famous landmark of Tehran. Tabiat Bridge, a 270-meter footbridge that was designed by award-winning architect Leila Araghian, was completed in 2014. The city municipality started planting large number of imported palm trees replacing endemic plane trees. In June 2025, Tehran was attacked by Israeli airstrikes. On June 2025 an unprecedented event in the history of Iran and Tehran took place as people of Tehran committed mass evacuation.
Iranian Azeris are the second-largest ethnic group, comprising about 10-15% of the population. Ethnic Mazanderanis are the third-largest, comprising about 5% of the population. Tehran's other ethnic communities include Kurds, Armenians, Georgians, Bakhtiari people, Talysh people, Baloch people, Assyrians, Arabs, Iranian Jews, and Circassians. In the 2010 census by the Sociology Department of the University of Tehran, in many districts of Tehran across various socio-economic classes in proportion to population sizes of each district and socio-economic class, 63% of the people were born in Tehran, 98% knew Persian, 75% identified themselves as ethnic Persian, and 13% had some degree of proficiency in a European language.
There was a drastic change in ethnic-social composition in the early 1980s. After the political, social, and economic consequences of the 1979 Revolution and the years that followed, many Iranian citizens, mostly Tehranis, left Iran. The majority of Iranian diaspora have left for the United States, Germany, Swedish Iranians, and Canada. With the start of the Iran–Iraq War, a second wave of inhabitants fled the city, especially during the Iraqi air offensives on Tehran. With most major powers backing Iraq at the time, economic isolation gave yet more reason for many inhabitants to leave Tehran and the country. Having left all they had and having struggled to adapt to a new country and build a life, most of them never came back when the war was over. During the war, Tehran received a great number of migrants from the west and the southwest of Iran bordering Iraq. The unstable situation and the war in neighbouring Afghanistan and Iraq prompted a rush of refugees into Iran, who arrived in millions. Tehran was a magnet for many seeking work, who helped Tehran to recover from war wounds, working for a far lower pay than local construction workers. Many of these refugees are being repatriated with the assistance of the UNHCR, but there are still sizable groups of Afghan and Iraqi refugees in Tehran who are reluctant to leave, being pessimistic about the situation in their own countries. Afghan refugees are mostly Dari language-speaking Tajiks and Hazara people, speaking a variety of Persian, and Iraqi refugees are mainly Mesopotamian Arabic-speakers who are often of Iranian and Persian ethnic heritage.
There are many religious centres scattered around Tehran, from old to newly built centres, including mosques, churches, synagogues, and Zoroastrian fire temples. Tehran has a very small third-generation Indian Sikh community with a local gurdwara that was visited by the Indian Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh in 2012.
The metropolis is divided into 22 municipal districts, each with its own administrative center. Of the 22 municipal districts, 20 are located in Tehran County's Central District, while districts 1 and 20 are respectively located in the counties of Shemiranat and Ray.
| { | North: District 1: • Farmaniyeh • Evin • Darakeh • Zaferaniyeh • Mahmoodiyeh • Velenjak • Darband • Golabdarreh • Jamaran • Dezashib • Niavaran • Darabad • Tajrish • Gheytariyeh • Chizar • Ozgol • Aghdasiyeh • Elahieh • Jamshidiyeh • Saadabad • Kamraniyeh District 2: • Farahzad • Shahrara • Gisha • Punak-e Bahtari • Saadat Abad • Sadeghieh • Shahrak-e Gharb • Tarasht • Tohid District 3: • Darus • Davoodiyeh • Ekhtiariyeh • Golhak • Vanak • Jordan District 4: • Khak Sefid • Hakimiyeh • Lavizan • Ozgol • Pasdaran • Resalat • Shams Abad • Shemiran-e-No • Tehranpars • Zargande • Narmak District 5: • Bolvar-e Ferdows • Jannat Abad • Ekbatan • Punak | valign="top" | East: District 8: • Mo'allem • Narmak • Samangan • Nezam Abad District 13: • Dowshan Tappe • Niru Havaii • Tehran-e-No • Piroozi District 14: • Chaharsad Dastgah • Dulab • Esfahanak • Khorasan • Sad Dastgah District 15: • Afsariyeh • Bisim • Khavaran • Kiyanshahr • Masoudiyeh • Moshiriyeh | valign="top" | Center: District 6: • Amir Abad • Arjantin • Yousef Abad • Park-e Laleh District 7: • Abbas Abad • Behjat Abad • Emam Hossein • Sabalan District 10: • Beryanak • Haft Chenar • Salsabil District 11: • Dokhaniyat • Lashkar • Moniriyeh • Sheikh Hadi District 12: • Baharestan • Bazar-e Tehran • Ferdowsi • Gorgan • Park-e Shahrr • Pich-e Shemiran | valign="top" | South: District 16: • Ali Abad • Bagh-e Azari • Khazane • Yakhchi Abad • Javadiyeh • Nazi Abad District 17: • Emamzade Hasan • Bagh Khazaneh • Qal'e Morghi District 19: • Abdol Abad • Khani Abad No • Nemat Abad District 20: • Dolat Abad • Javanmard-e Ghassab • Ebn Babviyeh • Hazrat-e Abdol-Azim • Sizdah-e Aban • Rey | valign="top" | West: District 9: • Jey • Sar-Asyab • Mehr Abad District 18: • Khalije Fars • Yaft Abad • Shad Abad • Shahrak-e Vali-Asr • Tolid Daru • Ferdows District 21: • Shahrak-e-Darya • Bashgah-e Naft • Tehransar • Shahrak-e-Pasdaran • Shahrak-e-Azadi • Vardavard District 22: • Bagh-e Haj-Seif • Kan • Kuy-e Sazman-e Barname • Park Chitgar • Peykanshahr • Stadium-e Azadi • Shahrak-e Cheshmeh • Shahrak-e Rah-Ahan • Shahrak-e Omid • Shahid Baqeri • Dehkade-ye-Olympic • Daryache Chitgar • Golestan |
| {class="wikitable sortable" | |
| [3]> |
Northern Tehran is the wealthiest part of the city, with districts such as Zafaraniyeh, Jordan, Elahieh, Pasdaran, Kamranieh, Ajudanieh, Farmanieh, Darrous, Niavaran, Jamaran, Aghdasieh, Mahmoodieh, Velenjak, Gheytarieh, Ozgol and Ekhtiarieh.Buzbee, Sally. "Tehran: Split Between Liberal, Hard-Line" . Associated Press via The Washington Post. Thursday 4 October 2007.Hundley, Tom. "Pro-reform Khatami appears victorious after 30 million Iranians cast votes". Chicago Tribune. 8 June 2001. The city center houses government ministries and headquarters. Commercial centers are located further north.
There are significant differences in elevation among various districts, and the weather is often cooler in the hilly north than in the flat southern part of Tehran. For instance, the Valiasr Street runs from Tehran's railway station at elevation above sea level in Tehran's south, to Tajrish Square at 1712.6 m (5612.3 ft) elevation above sea level in the north. The elevation rises up to at the end of Velenjak in northern Tehran. The sparse texture, the existence of old gardens, orchards, green spaces along the highways and the lack of industrial activities in the north of Tehran make the air in the northern areas 2 to 3 degrees Celsius cooler than the southern areas. Air currents have a great effect on Tehran's weather. The prevailing wind blowing from the west causes the west of Tehran to always be exposed to fresh air. Although this wind brings smoke and pollution from the western industrial areas, its strong wind takes polluted air out of Tehran.
The main direction of the prevailing wind is northwest to southeast. lake (in Persian) . hamshahrionline.ir Other air currents that blow in the area are:
Most of the annual precipitation occurs from late autumn to mid-spring. March is the wettest month with an average precipitation of . Summer is the least rainy season, and September is the driest month of the year. The average annual rainfall is sometimes very different in the north and south regions. One of the most intense rains happened on 21 April 1962, with 10 hours of rain. Meteorology determined that the amount of rainfall on that one day was equivalent to six years. The hottest month is July, with a mean minimum temperature of and a mean maximum temperature of . The coldest is January, with a mean minimum temperature of and a mean maximum temperature of . There are between 205 and 213 days of clear to partly cloudy weather. Climate and air pollution of Tehran (in Persian). atlas.tehran.ir
Summer is hot and dry with little rain, and relative humidity is generally low. Average high temperatures are between and during summer months, and it can sometimes rise up to during heat waves. Average low temperatures in summer are between and . It can occasionally drop to below in the mountainous north of the city at night. Winter is cold and occasionally snowy, with an average of 12.3 snow days annually in central Tehran and 23.7 snow days annually in northern Tehran. During the winter months, average high temperatures are between and . Average low temperatures are between and , and it can occasionally drop to below during cold waves.
The highest recorded temperature was on 3 July 1958. The lowest recorded temperature was on 8 January 1969.
In February 2005, heavy snow covered all parts of Tehran. Snow depth was recorded as in the south and in the north. One newspaper reported that it had been the worst weather in 34 years. Ten thousand bulldozers and 13,000 municipal workers were deployed to keep the main roads open. On 5 and 6 January 2008, a wave of heavy snow and low temperatures covered Tehran in a thick layer of snow and ice, forcing the Council of Ministers to declare a state of emergency and close down the capital from 6 January to 7 January. Heavy Snowfall in Tehran (in Persian). irna.com On 3 February 2014, Tehran received heavy snowfall, specifically in the northern parts of the city, with a depth of . In one week of successive snowfalls, roads were made impassable in some areas, with the temperature ranging from to . On 3 June 2014, a severe thunderstorm with powerful microbursts created a haboob, engulfing Tehran in sand and dust and causing five deaths, with more than 57 injured. This event knocked down numerous trees and power lines. It struck between 5:00 and 6:00 p.m., dropping temperatures from to within an hour. The dramatic temperature drop was accompanied by wind gusts reaching nearly .
City officials are engaged in a battle to reduce air pollution. They have, for instance, encouraged taxis and buses to convert from petrol engines to compressed natural gas. The government has set up a "Traffic Zone" covering the city centre during peak traffic hours. Entering and driving inside this zone is only allowed with a special permit. There are efforts to raise people's awareness of the hazards of pollution. Pollution Indicator Boards have been installed all around the city to monitor the level of particulate matter (PM2.5/PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and carbon monoxide (CO).
Few foreign companies operate in Tehran, due to the government's complex international relations. But prior to the 1979 Revolution, many foreign companies were active in Iran. (2025). 9780739126776, Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739126776 Tehran's present-day modern industries include the manufacturing of automobiles, electronics and electrical equipment, weaponry, textiles, sugar, cement, and chemical products. It is also a leading centre for the sale of carpets and furniture. The oil refining companies of Pars Oil, Speedy, and Behran are based in Tehran.
Tehran relies heavily on private cars, buses, motorcycles, and taxis, and is one of the most car-dependent cities in the world. The Tehran Stock Exchange, which is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and a founding member of the Federation of Euro-Asian Stock Exchanges.
According to the head of Tehran Municipality's Environment and Sustainable Development Office, Tehran was designed to have a capacity of about 300,000 cars, but more than five million cars are on the roads. The automotive industry has recently developed, but international sanctions influence the production processes periodically. According to local media, Tehran has more than 200,000 taxis plying the roads daily, with several types of taxi available in the city. Airport taxis have a higher cost per kilometer as opposed to regular green and yellow taxis in the city.
The trolleybus system was opened in 1992, using a fleet of 65 articulated bus trolleybuses built by Czech Republic's Škoda.Murray, Alan (2000). World Trolleybus Encyclopaedia, pp. 57 and 99. Yateley, Hampshire, UK: Trolleybooks. . This was the first trolleybus system in Iran. In 2005, trolleybuses were operating on five routes, all starting at Imam Hossein Square. Trolleybus Magazine No. 265 (January–February 2006), pp. 16–17. National Trolleybus Association (UK). . Two routes running northeastwards operated almost entirely in a segregated busway located in the middle of the wide carriageway along Damavand Street, stopping only at purpose-built stops located about every 500 metres along the routes, effectively making these routes trolleybus-BRT (but they were not called such). The other three trolleybus routes ran south and operated in mixed traffic. Both route sections were served by limited-stop services and local (making all stops) services. A 3.2-kilometer extension from Shoosh Square to Rah Ahan Square was opened in March 2010. Trolleybus Magazine No. 298 (July–August 2011), pp. 89–90. National Trolleybus Association (UK). Visitors in 2014 found that the trolleybus system had closed, apparently sometime in 2013.Haseldine, Peter (March–April 2015). "Tehran Closure". Trolleybus Magazine No. 320, pp. 40–43. National Trolleybus Association (UK). . However, it reopened in March 2016, operating on a single 1.8-km route between Meydan-e-Khorasan (Khorasan Square) and Bozorgrah-e-Be'sat. Trolleybus Magazine No. 328 (July–August 2016), pp. 118–119. National Trolleybus Association (UK). Around 30 vehicles had been refurbished and returned to service. Extensions were planned.
Tehran's bus rapid transit (BRT) was officially inaugurated in 2008. It has 10 lines with some 215 stations in different areas of the city. , the BRT system had a network of , transporting 1.8 million passengers on a daily basis.
| +List of Tehran Metro Lines !Line !Opening !Length !Stations !Type | ||||
| 2001 | 32 | Rapid transit | ||
| 2000 | 22 | Rapid transit | ||
| 2012 | 24 | Rapid transit | ||
| 2008 | 22 | Rapid transit | ||
| 1999 | 11 | Commuter rail | ||
| 2019 | 3 | Rapid transit | ||
| 2017 | 8 | Rapid transit | ||
| Metro Subtotal: | 111 | |||
| Total: | 122 | |||
Tehran's Birds Garden is the largest bird park in Iran. There is also a zoo located on the Tehran–Karaj Expressway, housing over 290 species within an area of about five hectares. In 2009, the Ab-o-Atash Park ("Water and Fire park") was founded. Its main features are an open water fountain area for cooling in the hot climate, fire towers, and an amphitheatre.
According to the national energy roadmap, the government plans to promote green technology to increase the nominal capacity of power plants from 74 gigawatts to over 120 gigawatts by the end of 2025. Solar panels have been installed in Pardisan Park for green electricity production, said Masoumeh Ebtekar, head of the Department of Environment.
Among major educational institutions located in Tehran, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), University of Tehran, Sharif University of Technology, and Tehran University of Medical Sciences are the most prestigious. Other major universities located in Tehran include Tehran University of Art, Allameh Tabatabaei University, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Shahid Beheshti University (Melli University), Kharazmi University, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, Iran's Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, Shahed University, and Tarbiat Modarres University. Sharif University of Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran University of Science and Technology and K. N. Toosi University of Technology also located in Tehran is nationally well known for taking in the top undergraduate Engineering and Science students; and internationally recognized for training competent undergraduate students. It has probably the highest percentage of graduates who seek higher education abroad.
the National Garden
Before the 1979 Revolution, the Iranian national stage had become the most famous performing scene for known international artists and troupes in the Middle East, with the Vahdat Hall, formerly known as Rudaki Hall, constructed to function as the national stage for opera and ballet. The hall was inaugurated in October 1967 and named after prominent Persian poet Rudaki. It is home to the Tehran Symphony Orchestra, the Tehran Opera Orchestra, and the Iranian National Ballet Company.
The City Theater of Tehran, one of Iran's biggest theatre complexes, which contains several performance halls, was opened in 1972. It was built at the initiative and presidency of Empress Farah Pahlavi, and was designed by architect Ali Sardar Afkhami, constructed within five years.
One of the gathering centers of in old Tehran was Laleh-Zar Street. Famous Persian cabarets were active in the city until 1979. They also introduced many domestic artists. In common language, cabaret was sometimes called "home of dance" or "dancing place".
The annual events of Fajr Theater Festival and Tehran Puppet Theater Festival take place in Tehran.
Tochal's resort is the world's fifth-highest ski resort at over above sea level at its highest point. It is also the world's nearest ski resort to a capital city. The resort was opened in 1976, shortly before the 1979 Revolution. It is equipped with an gondola lift that covers a huge vertical distance. There are two parallel chair ski lifts in Tochal that reach high near Tochal's peak, rising higher than the gondola's seventh station, which is higher than any of the European ski resorts. From the Tochal peak, there are views of the Alborz range, including the Mount Damavand, a dormant volcano.
Tehran is the site of the Azadi Stadium, the biggest stadium by capacity in West Asia, where many of the top matches of Iran's Premier League are held. The stadium is a part of the Azadi Sport Complex, which was originally built to host the 7th Asian Games in September 1974. This was the first time the Asian Games were hosted in West Asia. Tehran played host to 3,010 athletes from 25 countries/NOCs, which was at the time the highest number of participants since the inception of the Games. That followed hosting the 6th AFC Asian Cup in June 1976, and then the first West Asian Games in November 1997. The success of the games led to the creation of the West Asian Games Federation (WAGF), and the intention of hosting the games every two years. The city had also hosted the final of the 1968 AFC Asian Cup. Several FIVB Volleyball World League courses have also been hosted in Tehran. In 2014, the city hosted the FILA Wrestling World Cup event at the Azadi Indoor Stadium.
|
|
