The Taichuud (; ) was one of the three core tribes of the Khamag Mongol confederation in the Mongolian Plateau during the 12th century, its first recorded with Ambaghai Khan in 1148 AD, however this Clan founded by Ambaghais grandfather Chirhya Lynhua who was the son of Khaidu Khan who was the foundation of Khiyad or, Kiyat Clan, so both can be the founder of Tayichuids. and finally ended with Sultan Husayn Tayichud in 1405 AD.
Tribal arrangements
They lived in the southern part of current
Zabaykalsky Krai and the Mongolian
Dornod Province.
[History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003] Though the
Kiyat Borjigids and the Tayichiuds were closely related and shared a common ancestor in Bodonchar Munkhag, at times they were arch-rivals for the rule of the
Khamag Mongol. Though
Khabul Khan of the
Borjigin had 7 sons, he had designated
Ambaghai, a son of
Sengum Bilge of the Tayichiud, as his successor. Thus
Ambaghai became the second khan of the Khamag Mongol. The rule of the Mongols had alternated between the Borjigid and the Tayichiud tribes, finally coming into the hands of
Genghis Khan of Borjigid.
Role
The Tayichiud were rivals of the
Naimans and several other tribes. In the
Secret History of the Mongols, they were portrayed as bitter enemies of
Genghis Khan. As allies of
Jamukha and the
Keraites, they would defeat the latter bitterly.
Fall and descendants
Although the ruling Tayichiud clan was destroyed by Genghis, their descendants, who had surrendered, achieved fame in parts of the
Mongol Empire.
Jebe (born Jurgaadai), who had struck the final blow to the
Jurchens during the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty in 1219 and defeated the
Kypchaks and their European allies at the battle of Kalka in 1223, was from Besud clan of Tayichiud.
Baiju Noyan, the commander of the Tammachi in Persia, was also from the Besud clan of the Tayichiud. Chilaun, one of Genghis Khan's four close companions, was from the Suldus, a sub-clan of the Tayichiud. His descendant
Chupan reached the peak of his career during the reign of
Ilkhan Abu Said, and was given the title of chief commander of all Mongol Khanates by the court of the
Yuan Dynasty in 1327. In the
Chagatai Khanate, another aristocrat,
Buyan Suldus, overthrew the Qara'unas in
Transoxiana in 1359, but was executed by Chagatai Khan
Tughluq Temur in 1362.
Influence
The tribe exerted great influence during the reign of
Timur. The head of the Tayichiud during this time was Amir Musa.
Though clashing with Timur on several occasions, Amir Musa also enjoyed multiple matrimonial alliances with the imperial family. Both his daughter, Tuman Agha, and niece, Saray Mulk Khanum, were married to the emperor, with the latter becoming his chief consort.
[John E Woods, The Timurid Dynasty (1990), p. 19][Syed Jamaluddin, The state under Timur: a study in empire building (1995), p. 39][Vasilii Vladimirovitch Barthold, Four Studies on the History of Central Asia, Vol. 2 (1959), p. 24] In addition to this, Amir Musa's son Muhammad Beg was married to Timur's daughter Aka Begim. They were the parents of Sultan Husayn Tayichiud. Sultan Husayn, later held prominent positions in the imperial army.
[Indian History Congress, Proceedings - Indian History Congress, Vol. 55 (1995), p. 793]
Present day
People with the clan name Taichiud or Taijiud, Taijuud are found in present-day
Mongolia,
Inner Mongolia and in
Kalmykia (tyayachiud).
-
The Secret History of the Mongols
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The Fall of Amir Chupan and the Decline of the Ilkhanate, 1327-1337 By Charles Peter Melville
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Abu Bakr al-Ahri Tarikh-i Shaikh Uwais
