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The Subarians were a hypothetical ancient people that inhabited the southwestern Armenian highlands and northern Mesopotamia and was the main population of the Subartu.«Սուբարիներ», Գէորգ Հատիտեան, 1977, Սիոն. Կրօնական, գրական, բանասիրական պաշտօնաթերթ Երուսաղէմի Հայ Պատրիարքութեան, ԾԱ (7-8). pp. 184-187. It is possible that as early as the second half of the 3rd millennium BC, the Subarians were assimilated by the Hurrians, who mass settled the region during that time.
They waged long wars against the Akkadian Empire to maintain their independence.
Regarding the power of Subartu, the Assyrian scholar Emil Forrer states that Subartu was Hammurabi great rival during his reign (1955-1913 BC). From Shamshi-Adad I (1808–1776 BC), the political destiny of Naxasia was controlled by Subartu as the kingdom of that world. During the reign of Agum I (1731-1710 BC) a great attack by Subartu took place on the Hattians. Although this great attack took possession of all the cities up to the interior of the Hatti state, Khantilis I (1740-1700 BC) was able to repel it. Then this wave swept towards Egypt, which fell victim to it and about 1700 BC. It remained under the rule of the Hyksos from 1700 to 1580. The starting point of these latter is Subartu".
The cause of the fall of the kingdom of Subartu was the continuous attacks of the Akkadian kings of Babylon, to whom the Subartu finally yielded due to internal disunity, weakened and submitted to their domination. The Akkadian kings, oppressing the population of Subartu, subjugated them. The archaeologist Sydney Smith made his observations about these events that there is no evidence that the Subarians formed a united kingdom in ancient times, in spite of the great spread and occasional successes that they had in the wars against the Sumerians. It is much more likely that as a mountain people, they lacked unity and central organization with each other, depriving themselves of any lasting significance.
It is believed that the growth of Semitic power resulted in the Subarian people moving north towards the state called "Sabiria". near Armenia. They later crossed the Caucasus and are believed by historians like Patkanow that became one of the Hungarians tribes along with the Sumerians.
It was generally believed early on by experts such as Adolf Leo Oppenheim and Arthur Ungnad that Subarian referred to Hurrian. The Hurrian language is described by the Sumerians and Babylonians as Subarian and for some modern historians, it is considered an obsolete term similar to Mitannian.
Early historians like Ignace Gelb and Ephraim Avigdor Speiser believes they were both independent of each other. Ignace also mentioned there wasn't enough evidence about Subarian. The evidence we have for the language are Subarian names and possibly some words that late Assyrian people syllabaries said were used in Subartu. It has been suggested that the non-Sumerian and non-Semitic languages found in southern Iraq that is called the Proto-Euphratean language should be considered as Subarean and that the names of texts found from that age of ancient deities were later adopted by the Sumerians. It was also believed at the time that the Subarian language concealed languages like Gutian language and Lullubian.
There is also a belief that Subarian was one of the Hurro-Urartian languages that was different from Hurrian as the Subarians established themselves earlier into Anatolia. This would be supported by the Subarian word for tree (sarme), which is similar to the Urartian word (sare) and the Hurrian word for garden (šahri).
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