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Sataniv (; ; ; ) is a rural settlement in Khmelnytskyi Raion, Khmelnytskyi Oblast, Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Sataniv settlement hromada, one of the of Ukraine. Population:
Sataniv was a village, a town, a city, then a town again, and in 1938, it acquired the status of an urban-type settlement. It once enjoyed Magdeburg rights, and from the late 1920s to 1959, it was the district center.
In 1985, Sataniv was recognized as a resort of republican significance. In 2001, it was included in the List of historical settlements of Ukraine. Sataniv is part of one of the Seven Natural Wonders of Ukraine — the largest in Europe, the national natural park "Podilski Tovtry", established on 27 June 1996.
In 1905, another copy of the charter issued to Piotr Szafraniec was published by the Polish historian Franciszek Piekosiński.
The year 1404 is generally recognized as the date of the first written mention of Sataniv. It is mentioned in the works of Oleksandr Stepenko, Vartan Hryhoryan, Mykola Petrov, Ivan Rybak, and other historians. However, some guides, reference books, and even encyclopedias claim that the first chronicle mention of Sataniv dates back to 1385, but they provide no references to support this assertion. For instance, Volodymyr Radzievsky and Vasyl Burma in the guide "Medobory" (second edition, 1975) write: "It is likely that the first information about Sataniv dates back to 1385. However, in historical documents, Sataniv is first mentioned in 1404".Radzievsky, Volodymyr and Burma, Vasyl. Medobory: A Guide. - 2nd edition. - Lviv: Kamianiar, 1975. - P. 44. Similar categorical statements are made by the authors of the historical guide "100 Jewish towns" (second edition, 1998)100 Jewish towns of Ukraine: Historical guide. - Issue 1. Podolia. - 2nd edition. - Jerusalem - Saint Petersburg, 1998. - P. 195. and the third issue of the reference publication "Who's Who in Khmelnytskyi" (2005),Who's Who in Khmelnytskyi. - Issue 3. - Kyiv, 2005. - P. 10. which directly state that "the first chronicle mentions of Sataniv date back to 1385". The same categoricalness is characteristic of the "Universal Dictionary-Encyclopedia" (fourth edition, 2006), where it is stated that Sataniv "is first mentioned in the chronicle in 1385".Universal Dictionary-Encyclopedia. - 4th edition. - Publishing House "Teka", 2006. - P. 1108.
In December 1886, a member of the Committee for the Church-Historical and Statistical Description of the Podillia Diocese, Ivan Shipovych, wrote in the "Podolskie Eparkhialnye Vedomosti":Ivan Sh. (Ivan Shipovych). "From the past of the Sataniv Monastery and the chronicle of this monastery" // Podolskie Eparkhialnye Vedomosti. - 1886. - No. 51. - Unofficial Part. - P. 1063.
The town was periodically attacked by the Tatars and Cossacks, including combined attacks in 1651 and from the Cossacks in 1703. The synagogue in Sataniv was built as a fortress to allow the Jews and the wider community to defend themselves in such attacks.
In the 18th century Sataniv was Podolia's leading community. In 1756 its beth din (religious judges) held a trial of the Frankism. In 1765 there were 1,369 Jews paying the poll tax in Sataniv. The Jews there were involved in international commerce, traveling to fairs in Leipzig, Breslau, and Frankfurt, until the Second Partition of Poland of 1793, when Sataniv was incorporated into Russia.
The Hebrew writer and maskil Isaac Satanow lived in Sataniv, and was active there in the latter half of the 18th century. He, Menachem Mendel Lefin, and Alexander b. Ẓevi Margaliot, all of whom also lived in the town, were among the pioneers of the Haskalah movement. From the end of the 18th century and during the 19th, Sataniv was an important center of Hasidism.
Until 1862 the Jewish settlement there was restricted by the authorities, because of Sataniv's closeness to the Austrian border. The Jewish population was 2,848, 64% of the total, in 1897. In 1919, Jews in Sataniv underwent by Ukrainian nationalists. In 1926 Satanov probably had 2,359 Jews, then declining to 1,516, or 40% of the total population. A rural Jewish council existed in the Soviet period. On 6 July 1941 the Germans entered Sataniv, and on 14 15(?) May 1942 Ukrainian police locked 286 Jews into two cellars, letting them suffocate. (The remains of the 286 victims were found on 27 July 2020). Jewish Telegraph Agency July 27,2020 Throughout 1942, 210 Jews were shot. The Germans murdered 800 people according to official numbers, most of them Jews.
Until 26 January 2024, Sataniv was designated urban-type settlement. On this day, a new law entered into force which abolished this status, and Sataniv became a rural settlement.
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