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Sandfly or sand fly is a colloquial name for any species or genus of flying, biting, blood-sucking (fly) encountered in sandy areas. In the United States, sandfly may refer to certain horse fly that are also known as "greenheads" (family Horse-fly), or to members of the family Ceratopogonidae
The difference between sandfly and mosquito bites. www.sciencing.com
. Retrieved on 2024-11-10. Moderate relief is achieved with varying success through the application of over-the-counter products such as Benadryl (ingested) or an analgesic cream such as After Bite (applied topically). Outside the United States, sandfly may refer to members of the subfamily Phlebotominae within the Psychodidae. Biting midges (Ceratopogonidae) are sometimes called sandflies or no-see-ums (no-see-em, noseeum). New Zealand sandflies are in the genus of sand fly Austrosimulium, a type of black fly. Sandflies and mosquitoes – Sandflies: New Zealand's blackflies. Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand (2009-03-01). Retrieved on 2011-06-15.
In the various sorts of sandfly only the female is responsible for biting and sucking the blood of mammals, reptiles and birds; the protein in the blood is necessary for the production of eggs, making the sandfly an anautogenous reproducer.
Some sandfly genera of the subfamily Phlebotominae are the primary vectors of leishmaniasis and pappataci fever; both diseases are confusingly referred to as sandfly fever. In Asia, Africa, and Europe, leishmaniasis is spread by sand flies of the genus Phlebotomus; in the Americas, the disease is spread by sandflies of the genus Lutzomyia. Belize and Honduras are notorious in the Caribbean for their sandfly populations and travel pages frequently warn tourists to bring bug spray containing high concentrations of DEET.
Leishmania donovani causes spiking fevers, hepatosplenomegaly, and pancytopenia. It can be diagnosed through microscopic review by visualizing in containing , and is treatable with sodium stibogluconate.
A particular extract of lemon eucalyptus oil (not the essential oil) has now been shown to be as effective as DEET in various studies.
Most information on repellents focuses on mosquitoes, but mosquito repellents are effective for sandflies and midges as well.Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: CDC: West Nile Virus – Updated Insect Repellent. Cdc.gov, USA (2009-10-13). Retrieved on 2011-06-15.
These sand flies were able, according to another Māori legend, to revive the dead hero Hatupatu. Ha-tupatu and the sand flies. Maori.org.nz. Retrieved on 2011-06-15.
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