Product Code Database
Rosales (, ) are an order of .Peter F. Stevens (2001 onwards). "Rosales". At: Trees At: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. At: Missouri Botanical Garden Website. (see External links below) Well-known members of Rosales include: , strawberry, blackberry and raspberry, , Cherry, , , and , , rowan and Crataegus, jujube, , , ficus, mulberries, breadfruit, Urtica, Humulus lupulus, and cannabis.
Rosales contain about 7,700 species, distributed into nine families and about 260 genera. Their type family is the rose family, Rosaceae. The largest families are Rosaceae (91/4828) and Urticaceae (53/2625).
In the older classification system of Rolf Dahlgren the Rosales were in the superorder Rosiflorae (also called Rosanae). In the obsolete Cronquist system, the order Rosales was many times polyphyletic. It consisted of the family Rosaceae and 23 other families that are now placed in various other orders.Arthur John Cronquist. 1981. An Integrated System of Classification of Flowering Plants. Columbia University Press: New York, NY, US. These families and their placement in the APG III system are:
The order Rosales is divided into three that have never been assigned a taxonomic rank. The basal clade consists of the family Rosaceae; another clade consists of four families, including Rhamnaceae; and the third clade consists of the four Urticales families.Douglas E. Soltis, et alii. (28 authors). 2011. "Angiosperm Phylogeny: 17 genes, 640 taxa". American Journal of Botany 98(4):704-730.
The order is a sister taxon to a clade consisting of Fagales and Cucurbitales.
The Moraceae also produce important fruits, such as mulberries, figs, , and breadfruits, and the leaves of the mulberry provide food for the silkworms used in commercial silk production.
The wood from the black cherry ( Prunus serotina) and sweet cherry ( Prunus avium) is used to make high quality furniture due to its color and ability to be bent. The Cannabis plant has been highly prized for millennia for its hemp, which has numerous uses. Other varieties of Cannabis are grown as a drug.
Plants in the order Rosales were used in the traditional medication of many cultures. Medical cannabis has been recognized for its pharmaceutical use. The latex of some species of fig trees contains the enzyme ficin, which is effective in killing roundworms that infect the intestinal tracts of animals.
Phylogeny
The relationships of Rosales families were resolved in a molecular phylogenetic Research based on two Cell nucleus and ten chloroplast genes:
Distribution
Different plants that fall under the order Rosales grow in many different parts of the world. They can be found in Mountain, Tropics and Arctic Even though you can find a member of the order Rosales nearly anywhere, the specific families grow in different specific Geography. Anemophily is the way that the majority of the families that fall under the order Rosales (including Moraceae, Ulmaceae, and Urticaceae etc.) pollinate.
Importance
Within the order Rosales is the family Rosaceae, which includes numerous species that are cultivated for their fruit, making this one of the most economically important families of plants. Fruit produced by members of this family include apples, pears, plums, peaches, cherries, almonds, strawberries, blackberries and raspberries. Many ornamental species of plant are also in the family Rosaceae, including the rose after which the family and order were named. The rose, considered a symbol of love in many cultures, is featured prominently in poetry and literature. Modern garden varieties of roses such as hybrid teas, floribunda, and grandifora, originated from complex hybrids of several separate wild species native to different regions of Eurasia.
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