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Sulfanilamide (also spelled sulphanilamide) is a sulfonamide antibacterial drug. Chemically, it is an organic compound consisting of an aniline derivatized with a sulfonamide group. Powdered sulfanilamide was used by the Allies in World War II to reduce infection rates and contributed to a dramatic reduction in mortality rates compared to previous wars. Sulfanilamide is rarely if ever used Systemic drug due to toxicity and because more effective sulfonamides are available for this purpose. Modern antibiotics have supplanted sulfanilamide on the battlefield; however, sulfanilamide remains in use today in the form of topical preparations, primarily for treatment of vaginal yeast infections such as Vaginitis caused by Candida albicans. (2007). 9780080552323, Elsevier. ISBN 9780080552323
The term "sulfanilamides" is also sometimes used to describe a family of molecules containing these . Examples include:
However, this effect can be reversed by adding the end products of one-carbon transfer reactions, such as thymidine, , methionine, and serine. PABA can also reverse the effects of sulfonamides.
Gerhard Domagk, who directed the testing of the prodrug Prontosil in 1935, and Jacques Tréfouël and Thérèse Tréfouël, who along with Federico Nitti and Daniel Bovet in the laboratory of Ernest Fourneau at the Pasteur Institute, determined sulfanilamide as the active form, are generally credited with the discovery of sulfanilamide as a chemotherapeutic agent. Domagk was awarded the Nobel Prize for his work.
In 1937, Elixir sulfanilamide, a medicine consisting of sulfanilamide dissolved in diethylene glycol, poisoned and killed more than one hundred people as a result of acute kidney failure, prompting new US regulations for drug testing. In 1938, the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act was passed. It was only the solvent and not the sulfanilamide that was the problem, as sulfanilamide was widely and safely used at the time in both tablet and powder form.
Solubility: One gram of sulphanilamide dissolves in approximately 37 ml Ethanol or in 5 ml acetone. It is practically insoluble in chloroform, ether, or benzene.
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