Product Code Database
No biological activities have currently been reported for phlobaphenes. Phlobaphene on Dr. Duke's Phytochemical and Ethnobotanical Databases Phlobaphenes from Crataegus fruits ( Fructus Crataegi) may have a specific action on the coronary circulation. They are converted into in soils. A Manual of pharmacology and its applications to therapeutics and toxicology by Torald Sollmann, M. D.
In bark, phlobaphenes accumulate in the phellem layer of cork cambium, part of the suberin mixture. Par James A. Duke
They are common in barks like Sequoia sempervirens or in oak barks where the chief constituent, quercitannic acid, a molecule also present in quercitron, is an unstable substance, having a tendency to give off water to form anhydrides (phlobaphenes), one of which is called oak-red (C28H22O11).
Cuscuta europaea L., the European dodder, is reported to contain 30,000 ppm in the root.Hager's Handbuch der Pharmazeutischen Praxis, List, P.H. and Horhammer, L., Vols. 2–6, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1969–1979
Phlobaphenes can be extracted from the root of the common tormentil ( Potentilla erecta) as tormentil red.
Phlobaphens can be found in the kola nut (where they are called kola red), chocolate liquor (called cocoa red) or in the red skins or testa of the peanut. They are also reported in the fruits of the genus Crataegus ( Fructus Crataegi)or can be extracted from Humulus flowers. The Principles Of Hop-Analysis, Cech G. O.
The chief constituent of kino is kinotannic acid, of which it contains 70 to 80 per cent. It also contains kino red, a phlobaphene produced from kinotannic acid by oxidation. Kino on www.henriettesherbal.com
Phlobaphenes are not present in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana but can be studied as the pigment responsible for the red color in some monocot cereals, including wheat, maize or sorghum. Phlobaphene on trophort.com
In the sorghum, the corresponding yellow seed 1 gene (y1) also encodes a R2R3 type of Myb domain protein that regulates the expression of chalcone synthase, chalcone isomerase and dihydroflavonol reductase genes required for the biosynthesis of 3-deoxyflavonoids.
Phlobaphens can be formed under action of acids or heating of or of the fraction of tannins called phlobatannins. Water containing soda can be used for the conversion of Humulus tannins into phlobaphens.Dingler's Polytech. Journ., C. Etti, 1878, p. 354. When heated with hydrochloric acid, tannins in cocoa solids yield a glucose and a phlobaphene.Warden C. J. H., Pharm. Jour., 3, xviii. 985
Ordinary or warm soluble quebracho (also known as insoluble quebracho) is the natural extract obtained directly from the quebracho wood. This type of extract is rich in condensed tannins of natural high molecular weight (phlobaphenes), which are not easily soluble. Its use is therefore limited to small additions during sole leather tannage carried out in hot liquors (temperature above 35 °C) to improve the yield and the water-proofness of the leather. The cold soluble extracts are obtained by subjecting the ordinary extract to a Sulfite process which transforms the phlobaphenes into completely soluble tannins. The cold soluble quebracho extracts are the most universally known and used types. The main properties of these extracts are: a very rapid penetration, a high tannin content and a relatively low percentage of non-tannins. The rather low acid and medium salt content characterise them as mild tanning extracts (low astringency).
Phlobaphenes formation (tannins condensation and precipitation) can be minimized in using strong nucleophiles, such as phloroglucinol, m-phenylenediamine and urea, during pine tannins extraction.
The use of synthetic tannin neradol D can help solubilize phlobaphene in tanning solutions.
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