Palmitoleic acid

 ( Alkenoic Acids ) 

Palmitoleic acid, or (9 Z)-hexadec-9-enoic acid, is an omega-7 monounsaturated fatty acid (16:1n-7) with the formula CH₃(CH₂)₅CH=CH(CH₂)₇COOH. It is a rare component of fats.

It is a common constituent of the of human adipose tissue. It is present in all tissues but, in general, found in higher concentrations in the liver.

It is biosynthesized from palmitic acid by the action of the enzyme Stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1.

Animal and cell culture studies indicate that palmitoleic acid is anti-inflammatory, and improves insulin sensitivity in liver and skeletal muscles, but more studies are required to establish its actions in humans. Many of the effects of palmitoleic acid are due to its activation of PPAR-alpha.

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Natural sources Palmitoleic acid is found in trace amounts in most foods except for sardine oil, which contains 15% of this acid as a component of .

Other dietary sources of palmitoleic acid include breast milk, a variety of , , and . Macadamia oil ( Macadamia integrifolia) and sea buckthorn oil ( Hippophae rhamnoides) are botanical sources with high concentrations, containing 17% and 19-29% palmitoleic acid, respectively.

(2025). 9780660190075, NRC Research Press. . ISBN 9780660190075

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Mink oil is also a source of palmitoleic acid.

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