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Oahu, sometimes written Oahu, is the third-largest and most populated island of the and of the U.S. state of . The state capital, , is on Oahu's southeast coast. The island of Oahu and the uninhabited Northwestern Hawaiian Islands constitute the City and County of Honolulu. In 2021, Oahu had a population of 995,638, up from 953,207 in 2010 (approximately 70% of the total 1,455,271 population of the Hawaiian Islands, with approximately 81% of those living in or near the Honolulu urban area).

Oahu is long and across. Its shoreline is long. Including small associated islands such as plus those in Kāneohe Bay and off the eastern (windward) coast, its area is , making it the 20th-largest island in the United States.

Well-known features of Oahu include Waikīkī, , Diamond Head, , Kāneohe Bay, Kailua Bay, and the North Shore.

Name
The Island of Oahu is often nicknamed (or translated as) "The Gathering Place" . The translation of "gathering place" was suggested as recently as 1922 by Hawaiian Almanac author Thomas Thrum. Thrum possibly ignored or misplaced the okina because the Hawaiian phrase " o ahu" could be translated as "gathering of objects" ( o is a subject marker and ahu means "to gather"). The term Oahu has no other confirmed meaning in Hawaiian.
(1976). 9780824805241, University of Hawaii Press.

History
It is uncertain when Oahu was first settled by humans. Early archaeological studies suggested that Polynesian explorers from the Marquesas may have arrived as early as the 3rd century A.D.,Van, James (2010). Ancient Sites of Oahu: A Guide to Archaeological Places of Interest. Bishop Museum Pr. Page 5. . possibly with a second wave arriving from around 1100 A.D. However, more modern analyses indicate that the first settlers probably arrived around 900–1200 A.D.

The first great king of Oahu was Mailikūkahi, the lawmaker, who initiated a 304-year dynasty of monarchs. Kualii was the first of the warlike kings and was succeeded by his sons. In 1773, the throne fell upon Kahahana, the son of Elani of Ewa.

On January 19, 1778, Oahu was the first of the Hawaiian Islands to be sighted by Captain during his third voyage of discovery. This was the first recorded encounter of the Hawaiian Islands by non-Polynesian people. Cook bypassed Oahu, landing instead at Kauai before continuing his original mission to explore the coast of North America. The next year, on February 27, 1779, Cook's second in command, Captain , became the first recorded non-Polynesian to visit Oahu when he landed at Waimea Bay. Earlier that month, Cook had been killed at on the island of Hawaii when a dispute with the local people turned violent.

(1997). 9780393315196, Norton.
Clerke's visit to Oahu was brief and the expedition's two ships left Waimea Bay the same day after finding it difficult to obtain fresh water.

At the time of Cook's visit, the Hawaiian Islands were divided among several warring chiefdoms. In 1783, , king of the island of , conquered Oahu. He then made his son, Kalanikūpule, king of Oahu turning it into a . Kalanikūpule was later defeated in the Battle of Nuuanu in 1795 by who then founded the Kingdom of Hawaii. The Hawaiian islands were not fully unified until surrendered the islands of and in 1810.

By the late 18th century, Waikīkī was a major settlement on Oahu, serving as Kahekili II's residence after 1783. However, as trade with foreigners intensified, the nearby town of came to eclipse it in size and importance due to its more accessible harbor.In 1845, moved his capital to Honolulu from Lahaina on the island of Maui. Later, King Kalākaua had a modern residence built in Honolulu for the royal family – the which still stands as the only royal palace on American soil. In January, 1893, a group of leading American businessmen took up arms near Iolani Palace and, along with US Marines from the that landed in Honolulu harbor, launched a successful coup d'état against Queen Liliuokalani. The insurgents abolished the monarchy and established the Republic of Hawaii, which later successfully lobbied the US government for annexation to the US.

(2025). 9781846038587, Bloomsbury Publishing. .

On the morning of December 7, 1941, the Imperial Japanese Navy launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, Oahu, bringing the United States into World War II. The attack was aimed at destroying the American will to fight and forcing the US to sue for peace. They attacked the Pacific Fleet of the United States Navy and its defending Army Air Forces and Marine Air Forces. The attack damaged or destroyed 12 American warships, destroyed 188 aircraft, and killed 2,335 American servicemen and 68 civilians (of those, 1,177 were the result of the destruction of the alone).

After World War II, Oahu became a tourism and shopping destination with more than five million visitors per year, mainly from the contiguous United States and Japan.

Geography and climate
Like all other Hawaiian Islands, Oahu was formed from the volcanism associated with the ; it started to grow from the sea floor 4 million years ago. Today, the island is composed of the remnants of two extinct and extensively eroded : the and Koolau Ranges, with a broad valley or saddle between them.
(1998). 9780824821258, University of Hawaii Press.
The highest point is Kaala in the Waianae Range, rising to 4,003 feet (1,220 m) above sea level.

Oahu is known for having the longest rain shower in recorded history. Kāneohe Ranch reported 247 straight days of rain from August 27, 1993, to April 30, 1994. The average temperature in Oahu is around . The island is the warmest from June through October. The winter is cooler, but still warm, with an average temperature of .

Tourism
Oahu, along with the rest of the State of Hawaii, relies on tourism as a driving force of the local economy. Popular tourists attractions include beaches such as Ala Moana Beach, , Kāneohe Bay, Ko Olina Beach Park, Waikīkī Beach, among others. Other tourist attractions include Ala Moana Center, , the Honolulu Museum of Art, Iolani Palace, and .

Ko Olina.jpg|Ko Olina white sand lagoon Lanikai beach culture.JPG| Honolulu01.JPG|Downtown Honolulu Waikiki Beach, Honolulu.JPG|Waikīkī Beach is one of the most well-known beaches in the world Byodo-In Tempel.jpg|Valley of the Temples Memorial Park near the island's eastern shore Jellyfish at Waikiki Aquarium.jpg|Jellyfish swim in a tank at Waikīkī Aquarium Chinaman's Hat - Oahu Hawaii.JPG|Mokolii island, also known as Chinaman's Hat, offshore of Oahu Landscape.jpg|Nuuanu Pali of the Koolau mountain Part of Oahu as seen from a helicopter.jpg|Helicopter view of Magic Island

Notable people

See also
  • Honolulu Volcanics
  • National Register of Historic Places listings in Oahu
  • Oahu Ice and Cold Storage Company

Explanatory notes
External links
: , ,
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