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The Manghud, or Manghit (, Mangud; ) were a Mongol tribe of the Urud-Manghud federation, and a sub-clan of Borjigin, Manghuds (Mangkits or Mangits) who moved to the Cumania were Turkification.Adle, C. and I. Habib, eds., History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Development in Contrast, from the Sixteenth to the Mid-Nineteenth Century, January 2003, Volume V. They established the Nogai Horde in the 14th century and the Manghit dynasty to rule the Emirate of Bukhara in 1785. They took the Islamic title of Emir instead of the title of Khan, since they were not descendants of Genghis Khan and rather based their legitimacy as rulers on Islam. However, Persian historian Rashid-al-Din Hamadani who chronicled the Mongols, claimed that many old Mongolian clans (such as Barlas, Urad Mongols, Manghud, Taichiut, Chonos tribe, Kiyat) were founded by Borjigin members. The clan name was used for Mongol vanguards as well. Members of the clan live in several regions of Central Asia and Mongolia.
After Nogai's death in 1299, the majority of Manghud warriors joined the service of Tokhta Khan. Their chieftain Edigu, the powerful warlord of the Golden Horde, officially founded the Nogai Horde or Manghit Horde in the 14th-15th centuries. Majmu al-tawarikh
Military unit of the Mongols
At the beginning of the 17th century, the Kalmyks or the Oirats, migrated from the steppes of southern Siberia on the banks of the Irtysh River to the Lower Volga region about 1630. The Kalmyks expelled the Nogais who fled to the plains of northern Caucasus and to the Crimea under the Ottoman Empire. A few part of them joined to Kazakh Khanate as part of Little jüz.
The Manghit dynasty was founded by a common Uzbeks family that ruled the Emirate of Bukhara from 1785 to 1920. Manghit power in the Khanate of Bukhara began to grow in the early 18th century, due to the emirs position as ataliq to the khan. The family effectively came to power after Nader Shah's death in 1747, and the assassination of the ruling Abu al-Fayz Khan and his young son Abdalmumin by the ataliq Muhammad Rahim Bi.Svat Soucek, A History of Inner Asia, (Cambridge University Press:2000), page 180.
From 1747 to the 1780s, the Manġits ruled behind the scenes, until the emir Shah Murad declared himself the open ruler, establishing the Emirate of Bukhara. The last emir of the dynasty, Mohammed Alim Khan, was ousted by the Soviet Red Army in September 1920, and fled to Afghanistan. There is disagreement over whether the dynasty descends from simple UzbeksUzbek-Mangyts - Emir Shahmurad: "we are not a royal family, our ancestors are simple Uzbeks" about some events in Bukhara, Hokand and Kashgar, Notes of Mirza-Shems Bukhari, published in the text, with translation and notes, by V.V. Grigoriev. Kazan, 1861 or of true Mongolian origin.-Grzhimailo G.E. Western Mongolia and the Uryanhay Territory . - Directmedia, 2013-03-13. - S. 531–533. - 907 p. - . According to the Russian orientalist N.V. Khanykova, the Manġit dynasty was considered the oldest Uzbek family in the Bukhara Khanate descending from Timur Malik; from the division of which the tuk came the reigning dynasty, in addition, this clan enjoyed some special privileges.N.V. Khanykov. Description of the Bukhara Khanate. SPb. 1843, p.66
The Manghit dynasty issued coins from 1787 up until the Soviet takeover.P. Donovan, The Coinage of the Mangit Dynasty of Bukhara The Coinage of the Mangit Dynasty of Bukhara , 'ANS Magazine' Vol. 6/1 (Spring 2007).
| Ataliq I | Khudayar Bey | ? |
| Ataliq II | Muhammad Hakim | ?–1747 |
| Ataliq III | Muhammad Rahim | 1747–1753 |
| Amir I | Muhammad Rahim | 1753–1756 |
| Khan | Muhammad Rahim | 1756–1758 |
| Ataliq IV | Daniyal biy | 1758–1785 |
| Amir Masum | Shahmurad | 1785–1800 |
| Amir II | Haydar bin Shahmurad | 1800–1826 |
| Amir III | Mir Hussein bin Haydar | 1826–1827 |
| Amir IV | Umar bin Haydar | 1827 |
| Amir V | Nasr-Allah bin Haydar Tora | 1827–1860 |
| Amir VI | Muzaffar bin Nasrullah | 1860–1885 |
| Amir VII | Abdul-Ahad bin Muzaffar al-Din | 1885–1910 |
| Amir VIII | Muhammad Alim Khan bin Abdul-Ahad | 1910–1920 |
| Overthrow of Emirate of Bukhara by Bukharan People's Soviet Republic, which, in turn, was forcibly replaced by Bolsheviks. | ||
Bukhara Khanate |
The daughter of the last Emir Alim Khan, Shukria Alimi Raad, worked as a broadcaster for Radio Afghanistan. Shukria Raad left Afghanistan with her family three months after Soviet troops invaded the country in December 1979. With her husband, also a journalist, and two children she fled to Pakistan, and then through Germany to the United States. In 1982 she joined the Voice of America, working for many years as a broadcaster for VOA's Dari Service. She was interviewed in BBC Farsi, where she talked about her father and how the Emirate of Bukhara fell into the Soviets hand. At the end she talked about how she wanted to raise her children as Tajiks, and that she is Tajiks. Alim Khan also had a son named Shahmurad, who denounced his father in 1929 (at the age of seven) and later served in the Soviet Army. During his governance in Bukhara, he also had a son named Qasem who was killed by the Bolshevik revolutionaries. Qasem had only one son who, when he was 13 years old, escaped from Bukhara to Iran-Mashhad with his stepfather. When he arrived in Iran, he took the name Husein Bukharaei.
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