Thyamis

 ( Landforms Of Thesprotia ) 

The Thyamis (), also known as Glykys (Γλυκύς) Strabo. Geography, 7.7. Note #35: "The Thyamus, or Thyamis, is now called Glycys, and the Acheron, Calamas." or Kalamas (Καλαμάς),Peck, Harry Thurston. Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, 1898, p. 1579. "(Thuamis). Now Kalama; a river in Epirus, forming the boundary between Thesprotia and the district of Cestryna." is a river in the Epirus region of Greece. The long, Greece in Figures January - March 2018, p. 12 river flows into the Ionian Sea while on its course it drains an area of about , over 99% of which on Greek territory. Thyamis in ancient Greece was mentioned by Pausanias Pausanias. Description of Greece, Attica, 1.11.2. "Helenus on his death passed on the kingdom to Molossus, son of Pyrrhus, so that Cestrinus with volunteers from the Epeirots took possession of the region beyond the river Thyamis, while Pergamus crossed into Asia and killed Areius..." as forming the boundary between Thesprotis and Kestrine.Finley, M. I. The Portable Greek Historians: The Essence of Herodotus, Thucydides, Xenophon, Polybius. Viking Portable Library, 1977, p. 220: "There also the river Thyamis flows, forming the boundary between Thesprotis and Kes-trine..." Pliny the Elder. Natural History, 4.1.2, "the Thyamis, a river of Thesprotia..." In addition, Suda Suda Encyclopedia, §th.529 and Ptolemaeus Ptolemaeus, Geography, §3.13.2 mentioned it.

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Geography The source of the river is near the village Kalpaki, in the northwestern part of the Ioannina regional unit. It flows south at first, and turns southwest near Soulopoulo. It receives its tributary Tyria near Molossoi, and turns west near Filiates in Thesprotia, where the hydroelectric dam is located. It empties into the Ionian Sea near the village Sagiada, between Igoumenitsa and Sagiada, close to the border.

Places along the river include, from source to mouth: Ano Kalamas, Soulopoulo, Molossoi, Raveni, Paramythia, Filiates, Parapotamos and Sagiada.

During the interwar period of the 20th century, Albanian speaking villages of the Thyamis delta and river basin were small and scattered compared to the upland larger Greek villages of the hilly area to the north.

"The greater part of the canton of Filiates lies north of the lower Kalamas. It is contained between the river and its northern watershed, along which the present frontier runs between Greece and Albania. There is little fertile land except in the delta and the inner basin of the Kalamas. The northern part of the canton is broken up by a tangle of mountain peaks, and i found it difficult to traverse.... In contrast to the Albanian-speaking villages of the Kalamas delta and basin, these villages are Greek in speech and outlook,.... The other villages have on average some 200 houses, and they are considerably larger than the scattered Albanian-speaking villages of the Kalamas basin."

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Environment Thyamis forms a river delta where it empties in the Ionian Sea, north of Igoumenitsa. The delta is known for being rich in flora and Bird migration stop in its waters for food and rest.

The river, however, has suffered from environmental degradation for decades, due to uncontrolled human activities (farming activity, urban and industrial effluents and waste, lack of management plan and poor coordination of competent authorities for its protection).

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See also

• Battle of Elaia–Kalamas
• List of rivers of Europe
• List of rivers of Greece

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