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The Huwaytat ( al-Ḥuwayṭāt, Northwest Arabian dialect: ál-Ḥwēṭāt) are a large Banu Hashim Sharif tribe descending from Husayn ibn Ali that inhabits areas of present-day southern Jordan, the Sinai Peninsula and Sharqia governorate in Egypt, the Negev in Israel, and northwestern Saudi Arabia. The Huwaytat have several branches, notably the Ibn Jazi, the Abu Tayi, the Anjaddat, and the Sulaymanniyin, in addition to a number of associated tribes.
Alayan al-Jammazi was a descendant of Ali al-Sajjad, son of Husayn ibn Ali, son of Ali and Fatima. His lineage is as follows;
‘Alayān al-Ḥuwayṭ ibn Jamāz ibn Hāshim ibn Sālim ibn Mahnā ibn Dāwūd ibn Mahnā ibn Jamāz ibn al-Qāsim ibn Mahnā al-A‘raj ibn Ḥusayn ibn Mahnā ibn Dāwūd ibn Aḥmad al-Qāsim ibn ‘Ubaydillāh al-Amīr ibn Ṭāhir Shaykh al-Ḥijāz ibn Yaḥyā al-Nassābah ibn al-Ḥusayn ibn Abī Muḥammad Ja‘far al-Ḥujjah ibn ‘Ubaydillāh al-A‘raj ibn al-Ḥusayn al-Aṣghar ibn al-Imām ‘Alī Zayn al-‘Ābidīn ibn al-Imām al-Ḥusayn ibn al-Imām ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib.
They developed into a partly settled tribe, combining farming in the fertile areas of al-Sharat with pastoralism, but early in the 20th century were rendered more or less by the activities of two rival , Abtan ibn Jazi and Auda Abu Tayi, who concentrated on raiding, collection of tribute and camel-herding.Alon, Y. and Eilon, J. The Making of Jordan: Tribes, Colonialism and the Modern State, Tauris, 2007, , p.162
In 1938, the Huwaytat tribe in Transjordan was estimated to be around 1,000 tents. They resided in the Ma'an and 'Aqaba region, around Tafilah, and in the plan of ash-Sher'ah in Edom.
He was later killed by Saudi security forces, who claimed he had opened fire on them. This version of events was disputed by Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti who said that he did not own firearms. His funeral was held near the village of al-Khoraibah and was well attended despite the presence of Saudi security forces.
Eight cousins of Abdul Rahim al-Huwaiti have been arrested for protesting against the eviction order but Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti said that she and human rights activists in the west hoped to challenge the arrests. Alhwaiti says that the Howeitat are not opposed to the development of Neom, but do not want to be evicted from their traditional homeland. Alya Abutayah Alhwaiti says she has received death threats from people she says are supporters of Mohammed bin Salman. She reported the threats to British police.
On 6 October 2020, The Independent reported that ancient Saudi Arabia's tribe Howeitat was in danger because of the $1.5 trillion hi-tech city project called Neom. In recent months the Saudi authorities allegedly arrested, harassed, hounded and even killed members of the tribe on being questioned for their plans and denied the sale of their land to the state. According to a London-based activist and spokesperson of the tribe, Alya Alhwaiti, and members of the tribe called the United Nations to investigate the matter. Alhwaiti claimed that the kingdom's crown prince Mohammed Bin Salman promised the tribe in 2016 to be a part of the Neom project along with a share in the development and improvement of the area. However, in 2020 the Howeitat tribe was instead forced to leave their land without a place to stay in exchange. In May 2023, the Saudi Arabian government convicted six members of the Howeitat tribe of "terrorism" due to their opposition to the planned city's development. Three of the convicted men received the death penalty, while the other three received sentences ranging 27 to 50 years. UN Special Rapporteurs working on behalf of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights dispute the veracity of the charges and sentencing, stating that the men were "arrested for resisting forced evictions", along with alleging torture of the detained.
They are also mentioned in T. E. Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom and the film Lawrence of Arabia.
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