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Irminones
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The Irminones, also referred to as Herminones or Hermiones (), were a large group of early settling in the watershed and by the first century AD expanding into , , and . This included the large sub-group of the , that itself contained many different tribal groups, but the Irminones also included for example the .

The term Irminonic therefore is also used as a term for , which is one of the proposed (but unattested) dialect groups ancestral to the West Germanic language family, especially the High German languages, which include modern .Friedrich Maurer (1942), Nordgermanen und Alemannen: Studien zur Sprachgeschichte, Stammes- und Volkskunde, Strasbourg: Hünenburg.


History of use

Classical
The name Irminones or Hermiones comes from 's Germania (AD 98), where he categorized them as one of the tribes that some people say were descended from , and noted that they lived in the interior of . Other groups of tribes were the , living on the coast, and , who accounted for the rest. Tacitus also mentioned the as a large grouping who included the , the , and the , but he did not say precisely to which (if any) of the three nations they belonged.

, in his Description of the World (III.3.31) described the Hermiones as the farthest people of , beyond both the and who lived on the , which is understood today to have been his name for the and , although it was described by him as a very large bay filled with islands, east of the river. Still farther east Mela describes the whom he places west of the , and then the /ref>

Pliny's Natural History (4.100) claimed that the Irminones included the , , , and .


Medieval
In the so-called Frankish Table of Nations (c. 520), probably a Byzantine creation, the son of Mannus, who was the ancestor of the Irminones, is named Erminus (or Armen, Ermenius, Ermenus, Armenon, Ermeno, as it appears in various manuscripts). He is said to have fathered the , , , , and . In a variation on the table that appears in the Historia Brittonum, the Vandals and Saxons have been replaced by the and ..

They may have differentiated into the tribes , , , , and by the first century AD. By that time the Suebi, Marcomanni, and Quadi had moved southwest into the area of modern-day and . In 8 BC, the Marcomanni and Quadi drove the out of .

The term Suebi is usually applied to all the groups who moved into this area, although later in history (around 200 AD) the term Alamanni (meaning "all-men") became more commonly applied to the group.

Jǫrmunr, the Viking Age Norse form of the name , can be found in a number of places in the as a for . Some aspects of the Irminones culture and beliefs may be inferred from their relationships with the Roman Empire, from Widukind's confusion over whether Irmin was comparable to Mars or , and from 's allusions, at the beginning of the Prose Edda, to Odin's cult having appeared first in Germany before spreading up into the Ingvaeonic North.


Notes
  • (2025). 9788772897103, Museum Tusculanum Press. .
  • Grimm, Jacob (1835). Deutsche Mythologie (German Mythology); From English released version Grimm's Teutonic Mythology (1888); Available online by Northvegr © 2004-2007: Chapter 15, page 2-; 3. File retrieved 09-26-2007.
  • Friedrich Maurer (1942) Nordgermanen und Alemannen: Studien zur germanischen und frühdeutschen Sprachgeschichte, Stammes- und Volkskunde, Strasbourg: Hünenburg.
  • Tacitus, (1st century AD). (in Latin)

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