Hakhshara

 ( Jewish Educational Organizations ) 

Hakhshara (; also transliterated Hachsharah, Hachshara or Hakhsharah) is a Hebrew word that literally means "preparation". The term is used for training programs and agricultural centres in Europe and elsewhere. At these centers Zionist youth and young adults would learn vocational skills necessary for their aliyah to Israel and subsequent life in .

Such camps existed before World War II, and still exist today. Nowadays, these programs are usually based on in Israel for youth who are in their gap year, between finishing high-school and starting university, and include exploring Israel and studying Israeli culture. This was also true of the religious programs, that until a few decades were based on a religious kibbutz and typically contained a period of Torah study. Nowadays, the religious programs still incorporate a period on a religious kibbutz, but are more diverse in what they offer, see at Bnei Akiva website ( here).

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List of Hakhshara centres

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Pre-war Germany

• Schniebinchen in Germany (now Świbinki, Poland). Geschichte vor Ort: Erinnerungskultur im Land Brandenburg für die Zeit von 1933 bis 1990, Ministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kultur, Brandenburg, 2009, page 44
• Landwerk Neuendorf at Steinhöfel, Germany
• Altona-Blankenese at Hamburg, Germany Stolpersteine Hamburg, Betti Frank, née Levi, born 1894
• Fraustadt in Posen-West Prussia, Germany, now Wschowa, Poland
• Markenhof in Germany
• Marx family at Gruessen (now Gemunden, Wohra), Germany

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Italy

• Sciesopoli in Italy. Office of Survivor Affairs - Nina Merrick

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Netherlands

• Werkdorp Nieuwesluis in the Netherlands
• Westerbork (village)U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, A young woman works in a kibbutz hachshara in Westerbork in The Netherlands. Photograph Number: 43171

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Pre-war Poland

• over 200 hakhsharas
• Iwanie Puste and nearby village of Tzygany, now in Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine Skala-Podilska: A History of the Former Skala Jewish Community, Skala Research Group and Skala Benevolent Society, 2009, pp. 304, 306

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Pre-war Lithuania

• Ponevezh (Yiddish) or Panevėžys, Lithuania

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Post-war Australia

• Springvale, Victoria and later Toolamba,

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See also

• HeHalutz, organization
• Youth aliyah
• Youth village

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