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The Chinggisids were the descendants of Genghis Khan, also known as Chinggis Khan, and his first wife Börte. The dynasty, which evolved from Genghis Khan's own Borjigin, ruled the Mongol Empire and its successor states. The "Chinggisid principle"—that only descendants of Genghis Khan and Börte could be legitimate rulers of the Mongol or post-Mongol world—would be an important concept for centuries, until the fall of Kazakh Khanate, the last states ruled by Chinggisid monarchs, in 1847. Joo-Yup Lee. The Kazakh Khanate // In The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Asian History. Ed. David Ludden. New York: Oxford University Press, April 2019, p. 1
The Borjigin, descendants of Kaidu, an early Mongol leader, were initially one of many clans inhabiting the Mongol heartland. Genghis Khan was born , son of a Borjigit warrior named Yesügei, a member of the Qiyat sub-clan; over the next decades, he subjugated or killed all potential rivals, Borjigit or not. By the time that Genghis established the Mongol Empire in 1206, the only remaining Borjigit were the descendants of Yesügei. They formed the ( 'Golden Family')—the only people allowed to rule in the empire. Of these, the descendants of Genghis and his first, primary wife Börte held the highest seniority; the Chinggisid Principle was that this particular lineage—the eponymous Chinggisids—were the only legitimate rulers. Mongol religious ideology held that the Chinggisids would eventually become rulers of the entire world.
Because of the Mongol conquests, the Chinggisids became the rulers of most of Eurasia, even after the Mongol Empire split into successor states: the Golden Horde, the Chagatai Khanate, the Ilkhanate, and the Yuan dynasty.
According to an international group of geneticists studying Y-chromosome data, in 2003, almost 8% of men living within the former Mongolian Empire (0.5% of the world's population) had almost identical Y chromosomes. Accordingly, in 2003 there were about 16 million descendants of Genghis Khan.
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