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The Cisuralian, also known as the Early Permian, is the first series/epoch of the Permian. The Cisuralian was preceded by the Pennsylvanian and followed by the Guadalupian. The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan and dates between 298.9 ± 0.15 – 272.3 ± 0.5 Megaannum. (2025). 9780521786737, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521786737
In the regional stratigraphy of southwestern North America, the Cisuralian encompasses two series: the Wolfcampian (Asselian to mid-Artinskian) and Leonardian (mid-Artinskian to Kungurian). (1995). 9783642785955 ISBN 9783642785955
The series saw the appearance of and Fly and was a relatively stable warming period of about 21 million years.
The name "Cisuralian" was proposed in 1982, and approved by the International Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy in 1996.
The Cisuralian Epoch is named after the western slopes of the Ural Mountains in Russia and Kazakhstan. (2025). 9780199653065, Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199653065
Limestones on the edge of Russian Platform and make up the Ishimbay oil fields. These oil fields were vital to the Soviet Union during WW2 when the Germans controlled the oil fields to the west.
The International Chronostratigraphic Chart (v2018/07) provides a numerical age of 298.9 ± 0.15 – 272.3 ± 0.5 Ma.
The base of the Cisuralian series and the Permian system is defined as the place in the stratigraphic record where fossils of the conodont Streptognathodus isolatus first appear. The global reference profile for the base (the GSSP) is located in the valley of the Aidaralash River, near Aqtöbe in the Ural Mountains of Kazakhstan.; 1998: Proposal of Aidaralash as Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for base of the Permian System, Episodes 21(1): pp 11–18.
The coal swamps from the Carboniferous declined but the herbivores, Diadectes and Edaphosaurus persisted until the end of this series, approximately. The dry interior had small insectivores. Caseids and prototherapsid Tetraceratops made their appearance. The marine life was probably more diverse than modern times as the climate warmed. Unusual sharks such as Helicoprion continued in this series.
Early Permian terrestrial faunas were dominated by Pelycosaur (a paraphyletic group of early Synapsida), Diadectidae, and Temnospondyli,Huttenlocker, A. K., and E. Rega. 2012. The Paleobiology and Bone Microstructure of Pelycosaurian-grade Synapsids. Pp. 90–119 in A. Chinsamy (ed.) Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation, Histology, Biology. Indiana University Press. The pelycosaurs appeared during the Late Carboniferous, and reached their apex in the Cisuralian remaining the dominant land animals for some 40 million years. A few continued into the Capitanian. They were succeeded by the .
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