In Turkey and Northern Cyprus, a dolmuş ([) is a share taxi that runs set routes within][ cities.
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Background
This system was devised first in 1929, after the Great Depression.The name dolmuş is derived from Turkish language for "seemingly stuffed", in reference to how the vehicles were often filled to the brim. When it was first devised, they used taxi vehicles and did not depart until all seats were full, hence the name. At some locations they depart from the terminal only when a sufficient number of passengers have boarded.
In some cities, dolmuşlar are only allowed to board and disembark passengers at designated stops or terminals.[ In some cities, to prevent extremely slow travel, intermediate stop timings of dolmuşlar are regulated more like a regular bus on a latest allowable arrival basis.
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A foreign passenger described the ride as being "terrifying, awe-inspiring, confusing, incomprehensible, charming, hospitable and alien", and those unfamiliar with them may be surprised by the speed of dolmuş travel.
In Turkey the vehicles used are either brand-new (or old) minibuses or light commercial vehicles cosmetically (such as extra lights) and functionally modified to take more non-sitting passengers and even a second door at the rear sometimes. [
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Regulations
In Turkey the industry is regulated under an apportionated registration scheme. Despite the meaning of their name, laws prevent these minibuses from becoming too crowded.[ In İzmir and some other cities, standing passengers are not allowed; in İstanbul and some other cities, they are. In Turkish controlled Northern Cyprus, dolmuş routes are leased under an apportionated registration scheme and vehicles are licensed.][ Bus Services in North Cyprus essentialcyprus.com, January 28, 2009 ]
In 2024, the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality started trialing minibuses using a Istanbulkart system for payment instead of cash.
See also
