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Dandong is a coastal prefecture-level city in southeastern Liaoning, in the Northeast China of China.
It is the largest Chinese border city,Rogers, Jenny. " New group reaches out to China ." Gold Coast Bulletin. October 2, 2012. Retrieved on October 23, 2012. facing Sinuiju, North Korea, across the Yalu River, which demarcates the Sino-North Korean border. To the southwest of the city, the river flows into Korea Bay. Dandong has therefore had a dynamic history because of its strategic location for the Northeast China rich natural resources and because of its convenient access to the ocean. It is designated as a major export production centre for the province, and is a port city connected by rail with Shenyang and Sinuiju. A significant amount of trade with North Korea flows through the city. Kanto, Dick K. and Mark E. Manyin. China-North Korea Relations. DIANE Publishing. December 28, 2010. 10. Retrieved from Google Books on October 23, 2012. , 9781437985115.
The size of the administrative city (prefecture) is . As of the 2020 census, its population was 2,188,436 inhabitants and the built-up area made of 3 urban districts is (815,576 inhabitants) and Sinuju, the North Korean neighboring city (359,341 inhabitants), was home to 1,175,199 inhabitants in 2020.
Dandong City ranges in latitude from 39° 43' to 41° 09' N and in longitude from 123° 22' to 125° 41' E, and at its greatest spans from east to west and from south to north. Bordering prefectures are Dalian (SW), Anshan (W), Liaoyang (NW), and Benxi (N).
For the city proper, the annual mean temperature is , and the total precipitation is , but within the prefecture, annual means can be as low as , while precipitation ranges from .
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| 1 | Zhenxing District | 振兴区 | 380,000 | 80 | 4,750 | |
| 2 | Yuanbao District | 元宝区 | 180,000 | 81 | 2,222 | |
| 3 | Zhen'an District | 振安区 | 190,000 | 669 | 284 | |
| 4 | Fengcheng City | 凤城市 | 580,000 | 5,518 | 105 | |
| 5 | Donggang City | 东港市 | 640,000 | 2,496 | 256 | |
| 6 | Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County | 宽甸满族自治县 | 440,000 | 6,186 | 71 | |
During the Han dynasty (221 BC–220 AD), the Dandong region was under the jurisdiction of Anping County. During the Goguryeo kingdom period, the region was the site for Bakjak Fortress. After the fall of the Goguryeo, in the early Tang dynasty (618–907), the Dandong region was under the jurisdiction of Andong Prefecture. In the 8th century, the area was conquered by King Mun of Balhae (r. 737–793). In Liao dynasty (916–1125), it was under the jurisdictions of the states Xuan, Kai, and Mu.
It fell under the jurisdiction of the state of Po-Su in the Jin dynasty, the state of Po-Sha in the Yuan dynasty, and the state of Liaodong in the Ming dynasty.
The area became known as Andong County (安東縣) in 1876. "安東" means "pacifying the east", reflecting the power that China had over Korea at the time. After the start of the first Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Andong County was occupied by Japan. During the Manchukuo era, it was the capital of Andong Province, one of the fourteen provinces established by Manchukuo. It was opened as an American treaty port in 1903. It was opened as a treaty port in 1907.
From November 1950 to February 1951, Dandong's Sino–Korean Friendship Bridge was bombed by the United States during the Korean War, as was an older iron bridge leading to North Korea. Even though the Sino–Korean Friendship Bridge was rebuilt, the remains of the Japanese-built iron bridge were left and now serve as a war monument.
On 20 January 1965, the city adopted its present name of Dandong, which means "red east," to avoid the connotations of its previous name, which was considered imperialistic by some. Recently, the city has been gaining influence in this region of China because of its market with North Korea and the government's future plans to develop the city into a special "Border Economic Cooperation Zone" for export and import in order to expand the country's ability to conduct trade.
In 2001, Dandong was granted the "Best Tourist Destination City" award by the National Tourism Administration. Four years later, the same administration granted it the award of "National Clean City."
Per 2020 Census data, there are 928,784 in Dandong, with an average size of 2.36 people. The sex ratio in Dandong is 98.88 per 100 . 9.80% of the population is 0–14 years old, 70.20% of the population of 15–64 years old, and 20.02% is age 65 and older.
A substantial portion of North Korea's international trade, both legal and illegal, passes through Dandong and Sinuiju, across the Yalu River in North Korea. China handles roughly 40% of North Korea's worldwide export trade ($1.58 of US$4 billion) and roughly half of the bilateral commerce with China goes through Dandong which imports $468 million USD, according to its Ministry of Commerce. Dandong's annual resident per capita wage income for 2004 was somewhere between ¥9,500 and ¥12,237 RMB and the city's GDP was US$3.77 billion.
Dandong is widely known in China for producing the Dandong Yellow Sea brand buses. The port of Dandong is being developed into the second major international logistics centre of Liaoning and has become a notable alternative to the port of Dalian.
The city had "5.86 million tourists" in 2004, of which 16,000 of those travelled into North Korea; another 81,000 of those were from overseas and contributed US$27.54 million to the economy. During 2004, "the total tourism income was 4.02 billion Yuan RMB," and this was an increase of almost 33% from the previous year.
Memory cards and teddy bears are among the most popular items for North Koreans shopping in Dandong.
Dandong Qianyang Economic Development Zone was first approved by Dandong City as a Special Economic Zone, in 1994 by Liaoning Province as Liaoning Dandong Qianyang Economic Development Zone (LDQEDZ). In July 2009, the development of the Liaoning Coastal Economic Belt was listed as a national strategy. Qianyang Town, situated at the eastern tip of the Belt is now an important component of Dandong's coastal development, and has an opportunity to demonstrate its strategic position.
Trains from Dandong to Shenyang are available several times a day with night trains to Beijing, Dalian, Changchun, Qingdao and Shanghai. From Dalian, the high speed train takes less than 3 hours, or from Beijing, less than 7 hours.
International trains link Dandong with Pyongyang daily. Both Chinese and North Korean carriages operating the through train from Beijing to Pyongyang (trains K27 and K28) are attached to the daily overnight train from Beijing to Dandong. In addition there are North Korean carriages which form a daily dedicated Dandong Pyongyang train.
From the long-distance bus station, it takes about 10 hours to get to Beijing, four hours to Dalian and Tonghua, and three hours to Shenyang.
In October 2011, the Chinese government announced a $7.1 billion expansion over five years to expand Dandong Port. Dai Yulin, secretary of the Dandong City Committee of the Chinese Communist Party noted that Dandong's unique geography ensures that the city is a hub for land-sea transportation, connecting 90 ports in over 70 countries. Several multinational companies including US-owned Harman, have made Dandong the location for their northeast Asian headquarters.
The waterways near the port have become an important tourist attraction in the region and include the Yalu River Park.
Other tourist attractions include the Memorial of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, also known as the Korean War Museum, and the Jinjiang Mountain (锦江山) which used to be a Chinese army lookout and is now the city's largest park.
Outside of central Dandong, there are other landmarks such as: the Dagushan Scenic Area in Donggang, and Shuifeng Dam in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County, and Fenghuang Mountain in Fengcheng.
Wulong mountain scenic area is located in Dandong City, northwest of the town of old village Zhen'an District, is located in Zhen'an District within Fengcheng's city borders and includes five Longshan and Wulongbei spa.
Black Creek Reservoir is located in the Yuanbao District), located in 304 State Road (Danhuo highway) on the left side, away from Dandong. Dandong is the only city in the area of the reservoir. The Black Creek Reservoir near the Shou artillery battalion has spas, sanatoriums and a summer resort to cater to tourism.
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