Cynaegirus

 ( 5th-century Bc Athenians ) 

Cynegirus or Cynaegirus ( Kunégeiros or Κυναίγειρος Kunaígeiros; died 490 BC) was an Ancient Greeks general of Classical Athens and had three siblings. His two brothers were the playwright Aeschylus and Ameinias, hero of the battle of Salamis, while his sister was Philopatho (), the mother of the Athenian tragic poet Philocles. He was the son of Euphorion () from Eleusis and member of the Eupatridae, the ancient nobility of Attica.

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The Battle of Marathon In 490 BC, Cynegeirus and his brothers Aeschylus and Ameinias fought to defend Athens against Darius's invading Persian army at the Battle of Marathon. According to Plutarch, Cynegeirus was one of the Athenian Strategos. Plutarch, Moralia. Greek and Roman Parallel Stories "The Athenians, however, contemning the barbarian host, sent out nine thousand men, and appointed as generals Cynegeirus, Polyzelus, Callimachus, and Miltiades."

Despite their numerical superiority, the Persians were routed and fled to their ships. The Athenians pursued them, and Cynegeirus in his attempt to hold on the stern of a Persian ship with his bare hands had his hand cut off with an axe and died.

Herodotus Book 6: Erato, 114 "...Kynegeiros the son of Euphorion while taking hold there of the ornament at the stern of a ship had his hand cut off with an axe and fell; and many others also of the Athenians who were men of note were killed." Plutarch, Moralia. Greek and Roman Parallel Stories "Cynegeirus, seizing hold of a Persian ship that was putting out to sea, had his hand chopped off" According to another version of his death, recorded by the Ancient Rome historian Justin, when Cynaegyrus lost his right hand, he grasped the enemy's vessel with his left, but Persians cut off this hand too. Here the hero, having successively lost both his hands, hangs on by his teeth, and even in his mutilated state fought desperately with the last mentioned weapons, "like a rabid wild beast!"Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology by William Smith (1870). The Suda encyclopedia writes that Cynaegirus held the ship with his right hand, when the hand was cut off, he held it with his left and when this hand was also cut he fell and died. Suda Encyclopedia

There was a custom in Athens that the father of the man who had the most valorous death in a battle should pronounce the funerary oration in public. The father of Cynaegeirus and the father of Callimachus had an argument about that. Polemon of Laodicea declaimed first on behalf of Cynaegeirus and then on behalf of Callimachus.

The incident of the death of Cynaegeirus became an emblem of cultural memory in ancient Greece and was described in literature in order to inspire patriotic feelings to future generations.

It was also painted by the ancient Greek painter Polygnotus on the Stoa Poikile in Athens in 460 BC, while the ancient traveler and geographer Pausanias described the painting in his 2nd century AD work.

At Eleusis there is a monument dedicated to him.

Categories: 5th-century Bc Athenians, Battle Of Marathon, Athenians Of The Greco-persian Wars, Ancient Greeks Killed In Battle, 490 Bc Deaths

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