Luoyang (p=Luòyáng) is a city located in the confluence area of the Luo River and the Yellow River in the west of Henan province, China. Governed as a prefecture-level city, it borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast. As of December 31, 2018, Luoyang had a population of 6,888,500 inhabitants with 2,751,400 people living in the built-up (or metro) area made of the city's five out of six urban districts (except the Jili District not continuously urbanized) and Yanshi District, now being conurbated.
Situated on the central plain of China, Luoyang is among the oldest cities in China and one of the cradles of Chinese civilization. It is the earliest of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China.
Etymology
The name "Luoyang" originates from the city's location on the north or sunny ("yang") side of the Luo River. Since the river flows from west to east and the sun is to the south of the river, the sun always shines on the north side of the river. Luoyang has had several names over the centuries, including
Luoyi (洛邑) and
Luozhou (洛州), but Luoyang has been its primary name. It has also been called
Dongdu (l=eastern capital) during the
Tang dynasty,
Xijing (l=western capital) during the
Song dynasty, or
Jingluo (l=capital Luo). During the rule of
Wu Zetian, the only
empress regnant in Chinese history, the city was known as
Shendu (l=divine capital). Luoyang was renamed
Henanfu (河南府) during the
Qing dynasty but regained its former name in 1912.
History
Classical era
Several cities – all of which are generally referred to as "Luoyang" – have been built in this area. In 2070 BC, the
Xia dynasty king
Tai Kang moved the Xia capital to the intersection of the Luo and Yi and named the city
Zhenxun (斟鄩). In 1600 BC, Tang of Shang defeated Jie, the final Xia dynasty king, and built Western Bo, (西亳), a new capital on the Luo River. The ruins of Western Bo are located in Luoyang Prefecture.
In 1036 BC a settlement named Chengzhou (成周) was constructed by the Duke of Zhou for the remnants of the captured Shang dynasty nobility. The Duke also moved the Nine Tripod Cauldrons to Chengzhou from the Zhou dynasty capital at Haojing. A second Western Zhou capital, Wangcheng (also: Luoyi) was built west of Chengzhou. Wangcheng became the capital of the Eastern Zhou dynasty in 771 BC. The Eastern Zhou dynasty capital was moved to Chengzhou in 510 BC. Later, the Eastern Han dynasty capital of Luoyang would be built over Chengzhou. Modern Luoyang is built over the ruins of Wangcheng, which are still visible today at Wangcheng Park.[China.org.cn, 2009]
Qin Shi Huang's chief minister, Lu Buwei, was given Luoyang. Lu began programs to develop and beautify Luoyang. It is said that Liu Bang visited Luoyang and considered making it his capital but was persuaded to reconsider by his ministers to turn to Chang'an instead for his capital.
Han dynasty
In 25 AD, Luoyang was declared the capital of the Eastern Han dynasty on November 27 by Emperor Guangwu of Han.
The city walls formed a rectangle 4 km south to north and 2.5 km west to east, with the Gu River, a tributary of the Luo River just outside the northern eastern walls. The rectangular Southern Palace and the Northern Palace were 3 km apart and connected by The Covered Way. In 26 AD, the Altar of the Gods of the Soils and Grains, the Altar of Heaven, and the Temple of the eminent Founder, Emperor Gao of Former Han were inaugurated. The Imperial University was restored in 29 AD. In 48 AD, the Yang Canal linked the capital to the Luo. In 56 AD, the main imperial observatory, the Spiritual Terrace, was constructed.
For several centuries, Luoyang was the focal point of China. In AD 68, the White Horse Temple, the first Buddhist temple in China, was founded in Luoyang. The temple still exists, though the architecture is of later origin, mainly from the 16th century. An Shigao was one of the first monks to popularize Buddhism in Luoyang.
The diplomat Ban Chao restored the Silk Road during the Eastern Han dynasty, thus making Luoyang the eastern terminus of the Silk Road during the Han dynasty.
In 166 AD, the first Roman mission, sent by "the king of Da Qin the, Andun" (Marcus Aurelius, r. 161–180 AD), reached Luoyang after arriving by sea in Rinan Commandery in what is now central Vietnam.[Hill (2009), p. 27.]
The late 2nd century saw China decline into anarchy:
The decline was accelerated by the rebellion of the Yellow Turbans, who, although defeated by the Imperial troops in 184 AD, weakened the state to the point where there was a continuing series of rebellions degenerating into civil war, culminating in the burning of the Han capital of Luoyang on 24 September 189 AD. This was followed by a state of continual unrest and wars in China until a modicum of stability returned in the 220s, but with the establishment of three separate kingdoms, rather than a unified empire.[Hill (2009), p. xvi,]
Wei and Jin dynasties
On April 4, 190 AD,
[; ] Chancellor
Dong Zhuo ordered his soldiers to ransack, pillage, and raze the city as he retreated from the coalition set up against him by regional lords all over China. The court was subsequently moved to the more defensible western city of Chang'an (modern Xi'an). Following a period of disorder, during which warlord
Cao Cao held the last Han emperor
Han Xiandi in
Xuchang (196–220), Luoyang was restored to prominence when his son Cao Pi,
Cao Pi of the
Cao Wei, declared it his capital in 220 AD. The Jin dynasty, successor to Wei, was also established in Luoyang. At the height of Jin rule, Luoyang had a population of 600,000 and was probably the second largest city in the world after
Rome.
At the start of the 4th century, Luoyang was subjected to repeated attacks during the War of the Eight Princes and Upheaval of the Five Barbarians under the Jin. In 311 AD, rebel forces of the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty sacked and razed the city in an event known as the Disaster of Yongjia.
Northern Wei
In winter 416, during Liu Yu's northern expedition against the Later Qin, Luoyang fell to the Jin general
Tan Daoji. In 422, the city was captured by
Xianbei-led
Northern Wei. The
Liu Song, which succeeded the Jin, briefly recovered the city in 430, but by the 460s, Luoyang was definitively under Wei control. In 493 AD, as part of his
sinicization campaign, Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei moved the capital from
Datong to Luoyang, moving over 150,000 people to the site by 495,
and started the construction of the rock-cut
Longmen Grottoes. More than 30,000
Buddhist statues from the time of this dynasty have been found in the caves. Many of these sculptures were two-faced. At the same time, the
Shaolin Temple was also built by the Emperor to accommodate an Indian monk on the
Mount Song right next to Luoyang City. The
Yongning Pagoda (永宁寺), the tallest pagoda in China, was also built in Luoyang. The city reached a population of 600,000 at its height during the Northern Wei.
The city was destroyed by the warlord
Gao Huan, who captured the city and forced its population to move to his capital at Ye in 534.
The old city was the site of numerous battles between
Western Wei (and its successor
Northern Zhou) and
Eastern Wei (and its successor
Northern Qi) between 538 and 575.
Sui and Tang dynasties
When Emperor Yang of Sui took control in 604 AD he founded the new Luoyang on the site of the existing city using a layout inspired by his father Emperor Wen of Sui's work in newly rebuilt Chang'an.
[ p. 116][ p. 167-169.]
During the Tang dynasty, Luoyang was Dongdu (東都), the "Eastern Capital", and at its height had a population of around one million, second only to Chang'an, which, at the time, was the largest city in the world.[Abramson (2008), p. viii.]
During an interval in the Tang dynasty, the first and the only empress in Chinese history – Wu Zetian, moved the capital of her Zhou dynasty to Luoyang and named it as Shen Du (Capital of the God). She constructed the tallest palace in Chinese history, which is now in the site of Sui Tang Luoyang city. Luoyang was heavily damaged during the An Lushan Rebellion.
were found dating from the Tang dynasty of a Christian couple in Luoyang of a Nestorian Christian Sogdian woman, Lady An (安氏), who died in 821, and her Nestorian Christian Han Chinese husband, Hua Xian (花献), who died in 827. These Han Chinese Christian men may have married Sogdian Christian women because of a lack of Han Chinese women belonging to the Christian religion, limiting their choice of spouses among the same ethnicity.
During the short Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Luoyang was the capital of the Later Liang (only for a few years before the court moved to Kaifeng) and Later Tang dynasty.
Later history
During the Northern
Song dynasty, Luoyang was the 'Western Capital' and birthplace of Zhao Kuangyin, the founder of the Song dynasty. It served as a prominent cultural center, housing some of the most important philosophers. This prosperity was mainly caused by Luoyang undergoing new developments and reconstruction during this period.
During the Jurchen people Jin dynasty, Luoyang was the "Middle Capital".
Since the Yuan dynasty, Luoyang was no longer the capital of China in the rest of the ancient dynasties. During the Yuan and Ming dynasty dynasties, Luoyang was razed and rebuilt twice. Its walls were destroyed by peasant rebels in the late Ming period. The city walls were then rebuilt during the Qing dynasty.
People's Republic of China
After the People's Republic of China was established, Luoyang was revived as a major heavy industrial hub. In the first five-year plan of China, 7 of 156 Soviet-aided major industrial programmes were launched in Luoyang's
Jianxi District, including Dongfanghong Tractor Factory, Luoyang Mining Machines Factory and Luoyang Bearing Factory. Later, during the Third Front construction, a group of heavy industry factories was moved to or founded in Luoyang, including Luoyang Glass Factory. Industrial development significantly shifted Luoyang's demographic makeup, and about half of Luoyang's population are new immigrants after 1949 from outside the province or their descendants.
UNESCO World Heritage Site
-
Longmen Grottoes, added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2000
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The Grand Canal – Huiluo Barn, Hanjia Barn, added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014
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Silk Roads – Han Wei Luoyang City Site, Dingding Gate Site of Sui Tang Luoyang City, Xin'an Hanguguan Site, added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2014
Ancient city sites
Administrative divisions
The prefecture-level city of Luoyang administers 7 districts and 7 counties:
-
Districts
-
Defunct District
-
Counties
During the 2010 census, the 5 "built-up" urban districts held a population of 1,857,003, making it the fourth-largest city in Henan. The entire area of Luoyang's municipal government held 6,549,941 inhabitants total.
2021 administrative reorganization
With the 2017 designation of Zhengzhou as a National Central City, Henan Province in 2020 proposed a new development plan for Zhengzhou Metropolitan Area, which called for the development of Luoyang as a sub-central city. As part of this development, authorities decided to expand the urban area of Luoyang. This not only facilitated planning and coordinated use of resources and infrastructure in Luoyang, but also allowed for better integration towards Zhengzhou, as Yanshi, Jili and Mengjin previously separated the Luoyang urban area from Zhengzhou.
On 28 March 2021, the central government approved a major administrative reorganization of Luoyang city. Yanshi District City was reorganized into an urban district (Yanshi District), while Jili District District and Mengjin District County were merged into Mengjin District. This reorganization effectively doubled the urban area of Luoyang.
Geography
As its name states, the Old Town of Luoyang is located on the north bank of the Luo, a southern tributary of the middle reaches of the
Yellow River. The districts of the modern urban center include both banks and some of the surrounding mountains.
The countryside controlled by the municipal government includes still more rugged land: mountains comprise 45.51% of the total area; hills, 40.73%; and plains, 13.8%.[ Luòyángshì op. cit. Běijīng. "''Luòyáng. 20 Mar 2008. Accessed 16 Jan 2014. ]
Climate
Luoyang has a highly continental dry-winter humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification:
Cwa). Extremes since 1951 have ranged from (unofficial record of ) was on January 17, 1936)
to .
Culture
- Sites
The
Longmen Grottoes south of the city were listed on the
UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites in November 2000. Guanlina series of temples built in honor of
Guan Yu, a hero of the Three Kingdoms periodis nearby. The White Horse Temple is located east of the modern town.
The Luoyang Museum (established 1958) features ancient relics dating back to the Xia dynasty, Shang dynasty, and Zhou dynasty dynasties. The total number of exhibits on display is 1,700.[ China Culture. " Luoyang Museum ".] China's only tomb museum, the Luoyang Ancient Tombs Museum, opened to the public in 1987 and is situated north of the modern town.
The Gaocheng Astronomical Observatory (also known as the Dengfeng Observatory or the Tower of Chou Kong) stands south-east of Luoyang. It was constructed in 1276 during the Yuan dynasty by Guo Shoujing as a giant gnomon for "the measurement of the sun's shadow". Prior to the Jesuit China Missions, it was used for establishing the summer solstice and in traditional Chinese astronomy.[Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilisation in China.]
Luoyang is the foundation of Confucianism, the birth of Taoism, the first transmission of Buddhism, the formation of metaphysics, and the origin of neo-Confucianism. All kinds of cultural thoughts are integrated and symbiosis here, and the compass, Papermaking and printing among the four great inventions of ancient China were born here. Luoyang is also the cultural root and ancestral lineage of the global Chinese, more than 100 million Hakka ancestral home in the world, 70% of China's clan name originated here, Heluo culture represented by "Hetu Luoshu" is the ancestral source of Chinese civilization.
- Cuisine
Water Banquet, which is one of the famous banquets passed on for generations in the history of Chinese cuisine, consists of 8 cold and 16 warm dishes all cooked in various broths, gravies, or juices. The water here has two meanings: one is that all the hot dishes have soup-tang soup water; the other is that each dish is served after another smoothly just like flowing water. It comprises a wide selection of ingredients, simple and versatile, diverse tastes, sour, spicy, sweet and salty, comfortable and delicious.
- Botany
Luoyang is also celebrated for the cultivation of peonies, its city flower. Since 1983, each mid-April the city hosts the Peony Culture Festival of Luoyang. More than 19 million tourists visited Luoyang during the 2014 festival.
- Music
"Spring in Luoyang" (p=Luòyáng Chūn), an ancient Chinese composition, became popular in
Korea during the
Goryeo (918–1392) and is still performed in its
dangak (Koreanized) version
Nakyangchun ().
Lou Harrison, an American composer, has also created an arrangement of the work.
- Dialect
Residents of Luoyang typically speak a dialect of Zhongyuan Mandarin. Although Luoyang's dialect was a prestige dialect of spoken Chinese from the Warring States period of the Zhou until the Ming dynasty, it differs from the Beijing dialect of Mandarin which became the basis of the Standard Chinese.
- Outer space
Asteroid (239200) 2006 MD13 is named after Luoyang.
Education
-
Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology
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Henan University of Science and Technology
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Luoyang Normal University
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PLA Foreign Language Institute, formerly known as the Luoyang PLA College of Foreign Languages
Transportation
The city can be reached by highways, trains or planes. Long-distance buses are also an option although they generally tend to take longer. High-speed rail is the most common way to get into the city from either Xi'an or
Zhengzhou.
Luoyang has a bus system of around 30+ lines.
Taxis are also a common sight in the city.
Subway
Line 1 of Luoyang Subway opened 28 March 2021.
Line 2 opened on 26 December 2021.
Rail
- Conventional speed
The main station for conventional rail services is Luoyang railway station on the
Longhai railway.
Guanlin railway station on the Jiaozuo–Liuzhou railway has a far less frequent service, only seeing north–south trains or vice versa that don't stop at Luoyang railway station.
- High-speed
Luoyang Longmen railway station sees high-speed services on the Zhengzhou–Xi'an high-speed railway.
Road
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30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway
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G36 Nanjing–Luoyang Expressway
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G55 Erenhot–Guangzhou Expressway
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China National Highway 207
-
China National Highway 310
Air
Luoyang is served by Luoyang Beijiao Airport.
Twin towns and sister cities
Luoyang is twinned with:
-
La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States
-
Okayama, Okayama, Japan
Notable people
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An Chonghui, chief advisor to Li Siyuan (Emperor Mingzong) of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period state Later Tang
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An Jincang, Tang dynasty court official
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An Lushan, military general and rebel leader during the Tang dynasty
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An Shigao, early Buddhist missionary to China
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Bahram VII, son of Yazdegerd III, the last Shahanshah of the Sasanian Empire
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Bai Juyi, musician, poet, and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Ban Chao, diplomat, explorer, and military general of the Eastern Han dynasty
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Bao Shanju, cyclist
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Chen Dong, astronaut of Shenzhou 11 and Shenzhou 14
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Chen Qichang, communist politician
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Cao Cao, statesman, warlord, and poet during the Han dynasty
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Cao Pi, first emperor of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period
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Cao Que, official of the Tang dynasty
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Cao Rui, second emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period
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Cao Shuang, military general and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period
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Chen Yixing, historian, military general, and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Chen Yuyi, poet and politician of the Song dynasty
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Cheng Hao, philosopher and politician
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Cheng Lin, singer
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Cheng Yi, philosopher and politician of the Song Dynasty
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Deng Yu, statesman and military commander of the early Eastern Han dynasty
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Di Renjie, politician of the Tang and Wu Zhou dynasties
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Dong Zhuo, military general, politician, and warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty
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Dou Zhengu, historian and politician
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Du Wei, footballer
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Dugu Xin, general and official during the Northern and Southern dynasties period
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Fu Yanqing, military general, monarch, and politician of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
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Gao Hong, pipa player
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Gao Xingzhou, military general, monarch, and politician
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Guo Zhenqian, politician and banker
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Guo Zhongshu, painter, scholar, calligrapher and philologist during the Five Dynasties period and Song dynasty
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Emperor An of Han, emperor of the Han dynasty
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Emperor Guangwu of Han, emperor of the Han dynasty
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Emperor He of Han, emperor of the Han dynasty
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Emperor Shang of Han, infant emperor of the Han dynasty
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Han Chao, footballer
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He Bin, footballer
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He Jin, military general and politician of the late Eastern Han dynasty
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He Lei, lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army
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Guiguzi, feng shui and numerologist
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Ji Bingxuan, politician
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Ji Xu, politician during Wu Zetian's Zhou dynasty
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Jia Boyan, footballer
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Jia Su, official of the Tang dynasty
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Jia Yi, poet and politician of the Western Han dynasty
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Jiang Shen, official of the Tang dynasty
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Emperor Huai of Jin, emperor of the Jin Dynasty
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Emperor Yuan of Jin, emperor of the Jin dynasty
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Aowen Jin, British artist and social commentator
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Jing Yanguang, general and official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
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Princess Lanling, consort of the Rouran khagan Yujiulü Anluochen
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Laozi, legendary founder of Taoism
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Li Binzhu, Chinese-Austrian judge and politician
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Li Chongmei, imperial prince of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
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Li Conghou, emperor of the Later Tang dynasty
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Li Congrong, son of Li Siyuan, the second emperor of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period
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Li Congyi, imperial prince of the Later Tang dynasty
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Li Cunxu, Emperor Zhuangzong of Tang, founding emperor of the Later Tang dynasty
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Li He, poet of the mid-Tang dynasty
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Li Hengde, nuclear physicist and materials scientist
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Li Jue, military general and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Li Longji, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang
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Li Mian, judge, military general, musician, poet, and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Li Qiaoming, general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army
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Li Shen, historian, military general, poet, and politician of the Tang dynasty
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Li Song, official of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
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Li Xian, Emperor Zhongzong of Tang, fourth and seventh emperor of the Tang dynasty
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Li Shizhi, poet and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Li Yu, Emperor Daizong of Tang, emperor of the Chinese Tang dynasty
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Li Xiang, journalist
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Li Zhaonan, footballer
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Li Zhun, novelist
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Liang Ji, military general and politician
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Liangqing, Buddhist monk and abbot of Famen Temple
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George Lindbeck, American Lutheran theologian
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Linghu Chu, official of the Tang dynasty
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Liu Bian, 13th emperor of Eastern Han dynasty
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Liu Zhangqing, poet and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Liu Cong, emperor of the Han-Zhao dynasty
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Liu Fangping, Tang dynasty poet
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Liu Faqing, lieutenant general of the People's Liberation Army
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Liu Jingyan, empress of the Chen dynasty
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Liu Qing, crown prince of the Han dynasty
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Liu Shan, second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period
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Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han
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Liu Yan, economist and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Liu Yang, Emperor Ming of Han
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Liu Yonghong, cinematographer
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Liu Yuan, Emperor Guangwen of Han (Zhao), founding emperor of the Xiongnu-led Han-Zhao dynasty
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Liu Yuxi, poet
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Liu Zhuan, official of the Tang dynasty
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Lu Feng, footballer
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Lu Ji, military general, politician, and writer during the late Three Kingdoms period and Jin dynasty
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Lu Zhuguo, screenwriter and writer
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Ma Chongchong, footballer
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Man Chong, military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period
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Men Yang, footballer
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Meng Guang, official and scholar of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period
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Meng Jiao, poet during the Tang dynasty
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Meng Meiqi, singer, dancer (WJSN and Rocket Girls 101)
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Ouyang Xiu, historian, calligrapher, epigrapher, essayist, poet, and politician of the Song dynasty
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Pan Yue, poet in the Western Jin dynasty
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Pang Xi, official during the Eastern Han dynasty
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Qi Kang, historian and politician of the Tang Dynasty
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Qiao Wei, footballer
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Qiao Xuan, official during the Eastern Han dynasty
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Sang Hongyang, politician of the Han dynasty
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Sang Weihan, historian, military general, poet, and politician of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
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Shi Yue, professional Go player
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Sima Guang, historian, politician, and writer in the Song dynasty
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Sima Wei, imperial prince during Jin Dynasty
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Sima Yi, military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period
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Sima Ying, imperial prince during Jin dynasty
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Sima Yue, imperial prince and regent for Emperor Hui and Emperor Huai
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Sima Zhao, military general, politician, and regent of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period
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Empress Song, empress consort of the Song dynasty
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Song Wo, military officer and general who served the Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou, and Song dynasties
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Sun Bu'er, one of the Taoist Seven Masters of Quanzhen
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Sun Ru, military general, rebel and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Sun Shengwu, translator and editor
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Taishi Ci, military general during the late Eastern Han dynasty
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Emperor Taizu of Song, founder of the Song dynasty
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Touzi Yiqing, Zen Buddhist monk during the early Song Dynasty
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Consort Dowager Wang, noble consort to Li Siyuan
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Wang Duo, calligrapher, painter, and poet in Ming dynasty
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Wang Fei, beach volleyballer
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Wang Hao, footballer
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Wang Haoran, footballer
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Wang Hesheng, composer
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Wang Huimin, politician
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Wang Jianan, footballer
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Wang Jianwu, military officer
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Wang Kai, politician
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Wang Luoyong, actor
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Wang Shanshan, footballer
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Wang Shufeng, politician
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Wang Yanqiu, general of the Chinese Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period states
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Wang Yibo, actor, singer
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Wang Yun, politician during the late Eastern Han dynasty
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Wu Yuanheng, poet and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Wu Zetian, Empress of China from 660 to 705
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Xi Zheng, poet and politician during the late Three Kingdoms period
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Xiao Zhi, footballer
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Xiu Xiu, pentathlete
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Nora Xu, model and beauty pageant titleholder
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Emperor Xuanwu of Northern Wei, emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty
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Xuanzang, Buddhist monk and hero of the Journey to the West
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Yang Jian, imperial prince of the Sui dynasty
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Yang Jian, Emperor Wen of Sui, founding emperor of the Sui dynasty
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Yan Lianke, writer
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Emperor Yang of Sui, second emperor of the Sui dynasty
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Yang Kuo, footballer
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Yang Yilin, footballer
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Yang Yiyang, sport shooter
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Yang Zhao, crown prince of the Chinese Sui dynasty
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Yao Shouzhong, poet
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Yao Sui, poet
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Ye Chun, Chinese-American writer and literary translator
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Yu Hai, footballer
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Yu Zhigang, politician
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Yuan An, politician during the Han dynasty
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Yuan Baoju, Emperor Wen of Western Wei
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Yuan Shao, military general, politician, and warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty
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Yuan Ziyou, Emperor Xiaozhuang of Northern Wei
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Yuan Xu, Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei
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Yuquan Shenxiu, Chan master
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Zang Ba, military general during the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China
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Zhang Ce, official of the Tang dynasty
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Zhang Heng, polymathic scientist and statesman during the Han dynasty
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Zhang Li, footballer
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Louxin Zhang, Canadian computational biologist
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Zhang Quanyi, Tang dynasty warlord
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Zhang Siqing, politician and magistrate
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Zhang Yanshang, politician serving as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Dezong
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Zhang Yue, historian, military general, poet, and politician
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Zhangsun Sheng, statesman, diplomat and general who served Sui dynasty
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Zhangsun Shunde, general and officer in the early Tang dynasty
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Zhangsun Wuji, chancellor in the early Tang dynasty
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Zhang Xiaopei, politician
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Zhao Kuangyin, Emperor Taizu of Song, founding emperor of the Song dynasty
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Zhao Wenfu, politician
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Zhao Yin, official of the Tang dynasty
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Zheng Xunyu, judge and politician during the Tang dynasty
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Zheng Yuqing, politician during the Tang dynasty
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Zhong Hui, calligrapher, essayist, military general, and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China
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Zhou Chi, official of the Tang dynasty
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Zhou Heyang, professional Go player
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Zhu Changxun, third son of the Ming dynasty Wanli Emperor.
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Zhu Shouyin, military general and politician of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period
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Zhuge Dan, military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China
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Zu Yong, poet of the High Tang period
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Daughter of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei, emperor of the Northern Wei dynasty
See also
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Historical capitals of China
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Sino-Roman Relations
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Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
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Roman Catholic Diocese of Luoyang
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Joraku
Further reading
-
Abramson, Marc. Ethnic Identity in Tang China. University of Pennsylvania Press (Philadelphia), 2008. .
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Cotterell, Arthur. The Imperial Capitals of China: An Inside View of the Celestial Empire. Pimlico (London), 2008. .
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Hill, John E. Through the Jade Gate to Rome: A Study of the Silk Routes during the Later Han Dynasty, 1st to 2nd Centuries CE. BookSurge (Charleston), 2009. .
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Jenner, W. J. Memories of Loyang. Clarendon Press (Oxford), 1981.
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Yang Hsüan-chih. Lo-yang ch'ien-lan chi, translated by Wang Yi-t'ung as A Record of Buddhist Monasteries in Lo-yang. Princeton University Press (Princeton), 1984. .
External links
