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Bojano or Boiano is a town and comune in the province of Campobasso, Molise, south-central Italy.
It was colonized under both the , and by Vespasian, who settled veterans of Legio XI Claudia (whence the name Bovianum Undecumanorum, to distinguish it from Bovianum Vetus), and remained an important centre into late antiquity.
After the Lombards conquest, the deserted area was given to a group of Bulgars, who circa 662 fled from the Avars and sought refuge with the Lombards. Bojano became a seat of a . The Bulgars also settled in nearby Sepino and Isernia. Paul the Deacon in his Historia Langobardorum writing after the year 787 says that in his time Bulgars still inhabited the area, and that even though they speak "Latin", "they have not forsaken the use of their own tongue". In later times they had evidently become completely assimilated.
After two centuries marked by Saracen attacks, in the mid-11th century Bojano was conquered by the Hauteville Italo-Normans, becoming a fief of Raoul de Moulins, a companion to Robert Guiscard. The city became a county capital.
The city was destroyed by a long series of earthquakes, the last occurring in 1913.
During the era of Fascist Italy, Bojano was the site of a small fascist internment camp administered and operated by the province of Campobasso. The camp was located in four warehouses that were once used for tobacco production by the Società Anonima Imprese Metropolitane (SAIM). Three of the warehouses were used for internment while the fourth was used to provide services. The camp could hold up to 250-300 people, but never held more than 100. The internees were said to have been Gypsies, Chinese, and "foreign Jews". Some time by July 1941, the camp had deteriorated and it was closed with the remaining prisoners (58 Gypsies) transferred to the camp at Agnone.
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