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Bielsko
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Bielsko (, ) was until 1950 an independent town situated in , . In 1951 it was joined with Biała Krakowska to form the new town of Bielsko-Biała. Bielsko constitutes the western part of that town.

Bielsko was founded by the Cieszyn Piast dukes in the late 13th century on the grounds of village later called ( Old Bielsko), on the Biała River. It was first mentioned in a written document in 1312. Originally settled by Germans, it became the largest German-language center ( Deutsche Sprachinsel Bielitz) in the Duchy of Teschen, and remained so until the end of World War II. In 1572 it gained autonomy as the Duchy (State) of Bielsko. During the 18th century a rapid development of industry occurred, and at the beginning of the 19th century more than 500 worked in the town.Jedlecki 2008, 50. After the 1920 division of between and it became, despite the protests of local Germans, a part of Poland.

According to the census of 1910 the town had 18,568 inhabitants. The census asked people for their native language: 15,144 (84.3%) were German-speaking, 2,568 (14.3%) were Polish-speaking and 136 (0.7%) were Czech-speaking. were not allowed to declare , and most of them thus declared German as their native language. The most populous religious groups were with 10,378 (55.9%), followed by with 4,955 (26.7%) and the with 3,024 (16.3%).Ludwig Patryn (ed): Die Ergebnisse der Volkszählung vom 31. Dezember 1910 in Schlesien, Troppau 1912. The vast majority of the Jews were exterminated by Nazis during World War II, and the German population was expelled by the after the war under the terms demanded by Stalin at the Potsdam Conference.


Notable people
  • Three well-known Holocaust survivors from Bielsko are , and Gerda Weissmann Klein. All three have written autobiographies and other works about their experiences during the Second World War.
  • , an Israeli political scientist
  • The ancestors of the British peer Christopher Tugendhat, Baron Tugendhat, are also from what was Bielitz.
  • Gustav Gyula Geyer (1828–1900), Hungarian educator and entomologist
  • Maurice Bloomfield, an American linguist


See also
  • Bielsko Synagogue
  • Jews in Bielsko-Biała


Footnotes

External links

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