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Amarna (; ) is an extensive ancient archaeological site containing the ruins of Akhetaten, the during the late Eighteenth Dynasty. The city was established in 1346 BC, built at the direction of the , and abandoned shortly after his death in 1332 BC.

The site is on the east bank of the , in what today is the Egyptian province of Minya. It is about south of the city of al-Minya, south of the Egyptian capital, , and north of (site of the previous capital, Thebes). The city of lies directly to its west. On the east side of Amarna there are several modern villages, the chief of which are l-Till in the north and el-Hagg Qandil in the south.

Activity in the region flourished from the until the later Roman era.

Name
The name Amarna comes from the Beni Amran tribe that lived in the region and founded a few settlements. The ancient Egyptian name Akhetaten means "the horizon of the ".David (1998), p. 125

English Egyptologist Sir John Gardner Wilkinson visited Amarna twice in the 1820s and identified it as Alabastron, following the sometimes contradictory descriptions of Roman-era authors Pliny ( On Stones) and ( Geography),

(2026). 9780486404462, Dover Publications. .
although he was not sure about the identification and suggested as an alternative location.

City of Akhetaten
The area of the city was effectively a virgin site, and it was this city that Akhetaten described as the Aten's "seat of the First Occasion, which he had made for himself that he might rest in it".

It may be that the Royal Wadi's resemblance to the hieroglyph for horizon showed that this was the place to found the city.

The city was built as the new capital of the Pharaoh Akhenaten, dedicated to his of worship to the . Construction started in or around Year 5 of his reign (1346 BC) and was probably completed by Year 9 (1341 BC), although it became the capital city two years earlier. To speed up construction of the city most of the buildings were constructed out of , and white washed. The most important buildings were faced with local stone.Grundon (2007), p. 89

It is the only ancient Egyptian city which preserves great details of its internal plan in large part because it was abandoned almost completely shortly after the royal government of quit the city in favor of Thebes (modern ). The city seems to have remained active for a decade or so after his death, and a shrine to indicates that it was at least partially occupied at the beginning of his reign, if only as a source for building material elsewhere. Once it was abandoned, it remained uninhabited until Roman settlement began along the edge of the Nile. However, due to the unique circumstances of its creation and abandonment, it is questionable how representative of ancient Egyptian cities it actually is. Amarna was hastily constructed and covered an area of approximately of territory on the east bank of the Nile River; on the west bank, land was set aside to provide crops for the city's population. The entire city is encircled with a total of 14 boundary (labeled A thru V with discontinuities left for those thought to be missing, Stele B was defaced by locals in 1885) detailing Akhenaten's conditions for the establishment of this new capital city of Egypt.

The earliest dated stele from Akhenaten's new city is known to be Boundary stele K which is dated to Year 5, IV Peret (or month 8), day 13 of Akhenaten's reign.Aldred (1988), p. 47 (Most of the original 14 boundary stelae have been badly eroded.) It preserves an account of Akhenaten's foundation of this city. The document records the pharaoh's wish to have several temples of the Aten to be erected here, for several royal tombs to be created in the eastern hills of Amarna for himself, his chief wife , and his eldest daughter as well as his explicit command that when he was dead, he would be brought back to Amarna for burial.Aldred (1988), pp. 47–50 Boundary stela K introduces a description of the events that were being celebrated at Amarna:

This text then goes on to state that Akhenaten made a great to the god Aten "and this is the theme of which is illustrated in the lunettes of the stelae where he stands with his queen and eldest daughter before an altar heaped with offerings under the Aten, while it shines upon him rejuvenating his body with its rays."

Site and plan
Located on the east bank of the Nile, the ruins of the city are laid out roughly north to south along a "Royal Road", now referred to as "Sikhet es-Sultan".Waterson (1999), p. 81Grundon (2007), p. 92 The Royal residences are generally to the north, in what is known as the North City, with a central administration and religious area and the south of the city is made up of residential suburbs.

North City
If one approached the city of Amarna from the north by river the first buildings past the northern boundary stele would be the North Riverside Palace. This building ran all the way up to the waterfront and was likely the main residence of the royal family.Kemp, Barry, The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and its People, Thames and Hudson, 2012, pp. 151–153 Located within the North City area is the Northern Palace, the main residence of the royal family. Between this and the central city, the Northern Suburb was initially a prosperous area with large houses, but the house size decreased and became poorer the further from the road they were.

The North City was an administrative area. It contains the ruins of royal palaces, especially the Northern Palace and other administrative buildings and occupies an area between the and the cliffs that terminate the plains to the north of the city itself.

Central City
Most of the important ceremonial and administrative buildings were located in the central city. Here the Great Temple of the Aten and the Small Aten Temple were used for religious functions and between these the Great Royal Palace and Royal Residence were the ceremonial residence of the king and royal family, and were linked by a bridge or ramp.Waterson (1999), p. 82 Located behind the Royal Residence was the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh, where the were found.Moran (1992), p. xiv

This area was probably the first area to be completed, and had at least two phases of construction.

Southern suburbs
To the south of the city was the area now referred to as the Southern Suburbs. It contained the estates of many of the city's powerful nobles, including (Chief Minister), Ranefer, (High Priest of the Aten), and Ramose (Master of Horses). This area also held the studio of the sculptor Thutmose, where the famous bust of Nefertiti was found in 1912.Waterson (1999), p. 138

Further to the south of the city was , an enclosure, usually referred to as a sun-shade, and was probably built as a sun-temple., and then the , which was a palace or sun-temple originally thought to have been constructed for 's queen , but on her death her name and images were altered to those of , his daughter.Eyma (2003), p. 53

City outskirts
Surrounding the city and marking its extent, the Boundary Stelae (each a rectangle of carved rock on the cliffs on both sides of the Nile) describing the founding of the city are a primary source of information about it.

Away from the city Akhenaten's Royal necropolis was started in a narrow valley to the east of the city, hidden in the cliffs. Only one tomb was completed, and was used by an unnamed Royal Wife, and Akhenaten's tomb was hastily used to hold him and likely , his second daughter.

In the cliffs to the north and south of the Royal Wadi, the nobles of the city constructed their Tombs.

Life in ancient Amarna/Akhetaten
Much of what is known about Amarna's founding is due to the preservation of a series of official boundary stelae (13 are known) ringing the perimeter of the city. These are cut into the cliffs on both sides of the Nile (10 on the east, 3 on the west) and record the events of Akhetaten (Amarna) from founding to just before its fall.

To make the move from Thebes to Amarna, Akhenaten needed the support of the military. Ay, one of Akhenaten's principal advisors, exercised great influence in this area because his father had been an important military leader. Additionally, everyone in the military had grown up together; they had been a part of the richest and most successful period in Egypt's history under , so loyalty among the ranks was strong and unwavering. Perhaps most importantly, "it was a military whose massed ranks the king took every opportunity to celebrate in temple reliefs, first at Thebes and later at Amarna."

Religious life
While the reforms of Akhenaten are generally believed to have been oriented towards a sort of , or perhaps more accurately, , archaeological evidence shows other deities were also revered, even at the centre of the Aten cult – if not officially, then at least by the people who lived and worked there.

... at Akhetaten itself, recent excavation by Kemp (2008: 41–46) has shown the presence of objects that depict gods, goddesses and symbols that belong to the traditional field of personal belief. So many examples of , the grotesque dwarf figure who warded off evil spirits, have been found, as well as of the goddess-monster, , part crocodile, part hippopotamus, who was associated with childbirth. Also in the royal workmen's village at Akhetaten, stelae dedicated to and Shed have been discovered (Watterson 1984: 158 & 208).

The Amarna letters
In 1887, a local woman digging for uncovered a cache of over 300 (now commonly known as the ). These tablets recorded select correspondence of the Pharaoh and were predominantly written in Akkadian, the commonly used during the Late Bronze Age of the Ancient Near East for such communication. This discovery led to the recognition of the importance of the site, and led to a further increase in exploration.Grundon (2007), pp. 90–91

Amarna art-style
The Amarna art-style broke with long-established Egyptian conventions. Unlike the strict idealistic formalism of previous Egyptian art, it depicted its subjects more realistically. These included informal scenes, such as intimate portrayals of affection within the royal family or playing with their children, and no longer portrayed women as lighter coloured than men. The art also had a realism that sometimes borders on caricature.

While the worship of was later referred to as the and suppressed, this art had a more lasting legacy.

Archaeology
The first western mention of the city was made in 1714 by , a French priest who was travelling through the Nile Valley who described the site and made a crude sketch of Stela A.Walle, B. van de., "La Découverte d'Amarna et d'Akhenaton", RdE 28, pp. 1-24, 1976Hornung, Erik, "The Rediscovery of Akhenaten and His Place in Religion", Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt, vol. 29, pp. 43–49, 1992 As with much of Egypt, it was visited by 's corps de savants in 1798–1799, who prepared the first detailed map of Amarna, which was subsequently published in Description de l'Égypte between 1821 and 1830.

After this European exploration continued in 1824 when Sir John Gardiner Wilkinson explored and mapped the city remains.[1]Wilkinson, J. G., "Topography of Thebes, and General View of Egypt: Being a Short Account of the Principal Objects Worthy of Notice in the Valley of the Nile", London:Murray, 1835[2]Gardner Wilkinson, John, "Modern Egypt and Thebes: Being a Description of Egypt", London, 1843 The copyist Robert Hay and his surveyor G. Laver visited the locality and uncovered several of the Southern Tombs from sand drifts, recording the reliefs in 1833. The copies made by Hay and Laver languish largely unpublished in the , where an ongoing project to identify their locations is underway. The Lost Portfolios of Robert Hay - Saudi Aramco World - March/April 2003

The expedition led by visited the site in 1843 and 1845, and recorded the visible monuments and topography of Amarna in two separate visits over a total of twelve days, using drawings and paper squeezes. The results included an improved map of the city.[4]Lepsius, Richard, "Denkmäler aus aegypten und aethiopien", Band 1, Berlin: Nicolaische Buchhandlung, 1859 Despite being somewhat limited in accuracy, the engraved Denkmäler plates formed the basis for scholastic knowledge and interpretation of many of the scenes and inscriptions in the private tombs and some of the Boundary Stelae for the rest of the century. The records made by these early explorers teams are of immense importance since many of these remains were later destroyed or otherwise lost.

Between 1891 and 1892 Alessandro Barsanti and Urbain Bouriant partly cleared the robbed out king's tomb.Martin, Geoffrey Thorndike, "The royal tomb at El-’Amarna: The rock tombs of El-‘Amarna, Part VII, Vol. I: The objects", Archaeological Survey of Egypt, Memoir 35. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1974 In 1891 and 1892 Sir worked for one season at Amarna, working independently of the Egypt Exploration Fund. He excavated primarily in the Central City, investigating the Great Temple of the Aten, the Great Official Palace, the King's House, the Bureau of Correspondence of Pharaoh, and several private houses. Although frequently amounting to little more than a , Petrie's excavations revealed additional tablets, the remains of several glass factories, and a great quantity of discarded , glass, and ceramic in sifting the palace rubbish heaps (including Mycenaean sherds). By publishing his results and reconstructions rapidly, Petrie was able to stimulate further interest in the site's potential.[5]Petrie, W. M. Flinders, "Tell el Amarna", London, Methuen & co, 1894

Modern excavations
The copyist and artist Norman de Garis Davies published drawn and photographic descriptions of private tombs and boundary stelae from Amarna from 1903 to 1908.[6]Davies, N. de G., "The Rock Tombs of El Amarna Part I. Smaller Tombs and Boundary Stelae", London, 1903[7]Davies, N. de G., "The Rock Tombs of El Amarna. Part II.-The Tombs of Panehesy and Meryra II.", London, 1905[8]Davies, N. de G., "The Rock Tombs of El Amarna: Part III: the Tombs of Huya and Ahmes", London, 1905[9]Davies, N. de G., "The Rock Tombs of El Amarna: Part IV: the Tombs of Penthu, Mahu, and Others", London, 1906[10]Davies, N. de G., "The rock tombs of El Amarna: part V: smaller tombs and boundary stelae", London, 1908[11]Davies, N. de G., "The rock tombs of El Amarna, Part VI, Tombs of Parennefer, Tutu and Ay", London, 1908

From 1907 until 1914 the Deutsche Orientgesellschaft expedition, led by , worked extensively throughout the North and South suburbs of the city. The first several years were spent doing survey work with excavation beginning in 1911.[12]Leonard Woolley, C., "Excavations at Tell el-amarna", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 8.1, pp. 48-82, 1922[13]Eric Peet, T., "Excavations at Tell el-Amarna: A preliminary report", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 7.1, pp. 169-185, 1921Timme, P., "Tell el-Amarna vor der deutschen Ausgrabung im Jahre 1911", Ausgrabungen der Deutschen Orient-Gesellschaft in Tell el-Amarna 2, Leipzig: J.C. Hinrichs, 1917 The famous bust of , now in Berlin's , was discovered amongst other sculptural artefacts in the workshop of the sculptor Thutmose. The outbreak of the First World War in August 1914 terminated the German excavations.[14]Borchardt, Ludwig, "Excavations at Tell El Amarna, Egypt, in 1913-1914", Washington, 1916

In two seasons between 1923 and 1925 an Egypt Exploration Society expedition returned to excavation at Amarna under the direction of T.E. Peet, Sir , , Stephen Glanville, and . served as the digs administrator.Newton, F.G., "Excavations at El-’Amarnah, 1923–24", Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 10, pp. 289–298, 1924Griffith, F.Ll., "Excavations at El-’Amarnah, 1923–24", Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 10, pp. 306–323, 1924Whittemore, T., "The excavations at El-’Amarnah, season 1924–5", Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 12, pp. 3–12, 1926Frankfort, H., "Preliminary Report on the Excavations at El-’Amarnah, 1928-9", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 15, no. 3/4, pp. 143–49, 1929 The renewed investigations were focused on religious and royal structures. Their work resumed in two seasons between 1930 and 1932.Pendlebury, John Devitt Stringfellow, "Preliminary Report of the Excavations at Tell El-'Amarnah, 1932–1933", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 19.1, pp. 113-118, 1933Pendlebury, John DS, "Excavations at Tell El Amarna: Preliminary Report for the Season 1933–4", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 20.1, pp. 129-137, 1934Pendlebury, John DS, "Preliminary report of the excavations at Tell el-‘Amarnah, 1934–1935", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 21.1, pp. 129-135, 1935Pendlebury, John DS, "Summary report on the excavations at Tell el-‘Amarnah, 1935–1936", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 22.1, pp. 194-198, 1936

Excavation resumed in the 1977 under with the Amarna Survey directed by Barry J. Kemp with the University of Cambridge and Amarna Expedition under Salvatore Garfi under the auspices of the Egypt Exploration Society and continued until 1982.Kemp, B. J., "Preliminary Report on the El-’Amarna Survey, 1977", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, 64, 22–34, 1978Kemp, Barry J., "Preliminary Report on the El-’Amarna Survey, 1978", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 65, pp. 5–12, 1979Kemp, Barry J., "Preliminary Report on the El-’Amarna Expedition, 1979", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 66, pp. 5–16, 1980Kemp, Barry J., "Preliminary Report on the El-’Amarna Expedition, 1980", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 67, pp. 5–20, 1981Kemp, Barry J., "Preliminary Report on the El-’Amarna Expedition, 1981-2", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 69, pp. 5–24, 1983 Work was curtailed at that point due to regional conditions but resumed in 1996 under the Amarna Project and still under the direction of Barry J. Kemp.Jeffreys, D. G., et al., "Fieldwork, 1996-7: Memphis, Saqqara, Tell El-Amarna, Mons Porphyrites, Qasr Ibrim", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 83, pp. 1–15, 1997Wilson, Penelope, et al., "Fieldwork, 1997-8: Delta Survey, Memphis, Saqqara, Tell El-Amarna, Gebel Dokhan, Qasr Ibrim", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 84, pp. 1–22, 1998Wilson, Penelope, et al., "Fieldwork, 1998-9: Sais, Memphis, Gebel El-Haridi, Tell El-Amarna, Tell El-Amarna Glass Project", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 85, pp. 1–20, 1999 In the 2000 season work also included the nearby arcaheologicl site of and the start of a GPS survey of the region around Amarna.Wilson, Penelope, et al., "Fieldwork, 1999-2000: Sais, Memphis, Tell El-Amarna, Tell El-Amarna Glass Project, Qasr Ibrim", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 86, pp. 1–21, 2000Wilson, Penelope, et al., "Fieldwork, 2000-01: Sais, Tell Mutubis, Delta Survey, Memphis, Tell El-Amarna, Qasr Ibrim", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 87, pp. 1–22, 2001Wilson, Penelope, et al., "Fieldwork, 2001-02: Sais, Delta Survey, Memphis, Tell El-Amarna", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 88, pp. 1–21, 2002Wilson, Penelope, et al., "Fieldwork, 2002-03: Delta Survey, Memphis, Tell El-Amarna, Qasr Ibrim", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 89, pp. 1–25, 2003 Much of the work during this period was at the house of the king's chief charioteer, Ranefer which had been partially excavated in 1921.Wilson, Penelope, et al., "Fieldwork, 2003-04: Sais, Memphis, Tell El-Amarna, Tell El-Amarna Glass Project, Qasr Ibrim", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 90, pp. 1–34, 2004Wilson, Penelope, et al., "Fieldwork, 2004-05: Sais, Memphis, Saqqara Bronzes Project, Tell El-Amarna, Tell El-Amarna Glass Project, Qasr Ibrim", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 91, pp. 1–36, 2005 A separate expedition led by Geoffrey Martin described and copied the reliefs from the Royal Tomb, later publishing its findings together with objects thought to have come from the tomb.Martin, Geoffrey Thorndike, "The royal tomb at El-’Amarna: The rock tombs of El-‘Amarna, Part VII, Vol. II: The reliefs, inscriptions, and architecture (with plan and sections by Mark Lehner)", Archaeological Survey of Egypt, Memoir 39. London: Egypt Exploration Society, 1989

Excavation at Amarna, under Amarna Project, continues to the present.Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, 2006-7", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 93, pp. 1–63, 2007Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, 2011–12", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 98, pp. 1–26, 2012Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, 2016", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 102, pp. 1–11, 2016Stevens, Anna, et al., "Tell El-Amarna, Autumn 2018 to Autumn 2019", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 106, no. 1/2, pp. 3–15, 2020 Work includes excavation at a cemetery, close to the southern tombs of the Nobles and at several other cemeteries of private individuals.[15]Stevens, Anna, et al., "Tell el-Amarna, 2022",The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 109.1-2, pp. 89-116, 2023

In media
Fictional
The Painted Queen
(2026). 9780062201362, HarperLuxe.
written by the famous Elizabeth Peters a.k.a. is the most recent installment to the Amelia Peabody novels after the author's passing in 2013. Elizabeth Peters was a school trained archaeologist, but was persuaded by her male colleagues that a woman was not to be an archaeologist, so "she created characters based on those misogynistic Egyptologists..." as stated by , a female archaeologist that specializes in . The adventure stars a female archaeologist Amelia Peabody and the mystery of the missing Bust of Nefertiti. The Painted Queen takes place in the 1912, several years after the actual excavations at Amarna, when excavations in Egypt are solely European, local hires, or looters. Like all good mystery novels, there is humor, twists, and turns, and a predictable ending of a solved case.

Nefertiti by

(2026). 9780307718709, Broadway Books.
is a historical fiction work that guides the reader from the perspective of Queen Nefertiti and her younger sister . The story follows the timeline from her time in Thebes to Amarna and after Akhenaten's death. was the Chief wife in Akhenaten's court or haram. Though she is well known by name, as many historical female role models, her story is often overlooked for masculine rulers. Michelle Moran webs her story of the queen and her sister with political secrets, loss of innocence, and female strength in a patriarchal society.

Non-fictional
The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and its People by Barry Kemp, discusses everything from the conception of Amarna to the abandonment of the city. Within the book are images that display art, architecture, and the city as it was (reconstructed) and now. It also has a short chapter written by Kemp in the book Cities That Shaped the Ancient World.
(2026). 9780500252048, Thames & Hudson.

Magazines
In the past years National Geographic and archaeological articles have published articles on Amarna, , , or . Most of the article can be found in both the paperback or on the National Geographic website (currently the most recent article was published January 2021).

Opera
Akhnaten, act II, scene 3 ("The City") by describes the mandate from to build Akhetaten. In the English lines, it is consistently referred to as the "City of the Horizon".

== Gallery ==

Notes

Further reading
  • Dodson, Aidan, Amarna Sunset: Nefertiti, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb, and the Egyptian Counter-Reformation PDF, AUC Press, 2009
  • Dodson, Aidan, Https://dn790007.ca.archive.org/0/items/dodson_2014_amarna_sunrise_egypt_from_golden_ge_to_age_of_heresy/dodson_2014_amarna_sunrise_egypt_from_golden_age_to_age_of_heresy.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> Amarna Sunrise: Egypt from Golden Age to Age of Heresy PDF, AUC Press, 2014
  • Freed, Rita A., Yvonne J. Markowitz, and Sue H. D'Auria, eds. 1999. Pharaohs of the Sun: Akhenaten, Nefertiti, Tutankhamun. London: Thames and Hudson.
  • Giles, Frederick John. 2001. The Amarna Age: Egypt. Warminster, Wiltshire, England: Aris & Phillips.
  • Kemp, Barry J. 1977. The City of El-Amarna as a Source for the Study of Urban Society in Ancient Egypt World Archaeology, Vol. 9, No. 2, Architecture and Archaeology (Oct., 1977), pp. 123-139 Https://www.kar.zcu.cz/studium/materialy/egy/texty-pro-studenty-2012/Kemp-urbanism.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> PDF
  • Kemp, Barry J. 2006. Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilization. 2d ed. London: Routledge.
  • Kemp, Barry J. 2012. The City of Akhenaten and Nefertiti: Amarna and Its People. London: Thames and Hudson.
  • Kloska, Maria M. 2016 The Role of Nefertiti in the Religion and the Politics of the Amarna Period, Instytut Archeologii, UAM Poznań, Vol.21 pp.149-175 Https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1023918.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> PDF
  • Murnane, William J. 1995. Texts from the Amarna Period in Egypt. Atlanta: Scholars.
  • Mynářová, Jana. 2007. Language of Amarna – Language of Diplomacy: Perspectives On the Amarna Letters. Prague: Czech Institute of Egyptology; Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague.
  • Watterson, Barbara. 1999. Amarna: Ancient Egypt's Age of Revolution. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus.
  • Vanthuyne, Bart, 2013. Amarna Factories, Workshops, Faience Moulds and their Produce, Ägypten und Levante/Egypt and the Levant 22, 2012, pp. 395–429 Https://austriaca.at/0xc1aa5572%200x00308d63.pdf" target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> PDF

  • EXCAVATION REPORTS
  • Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, 2007-8", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 94, pp. 1–67, 2008
  • Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, 2008-9", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 95, pp. 1–34, 2009
  • Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, 2010", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 96, pp. 1–29, 2010
  • Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, Spring 2011", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 97, pp. 1–9, 2011
  • Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, 2012–13", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 99, pp. 1–34, 2013
  • Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, 2014", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 100, pp. 1–33, 2014
  • Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, 2014–15", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 101, pp. 1–35, 2015
  • Kemp, Barry, "Tell El-Amarna, Spring 2017", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 137–52, 2017
  • Stevens, Anna, et al., "Tell El-Amarna, Autumn 2017 and Spring 2018", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 104, no. 2, pp. 121–44, 2018
  • Hodgkinson, Anna, "Preliminary Report on the Work Undertaken in the Main City South at Tell El-Amarna: 7 October – 2 November 2017", The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, vol. 105, no. 1, pp. 3–15, 2019

External links
  • – Shows just a few, but stunning, examples of the art of the .

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