Agriotheriini

 ( Ailuropodinae ) 

Agriotheriini is an extinct tribe of Ailuropodinae from the Miocene to Gelasian periods, with fossils found from Eurasia, Africa, and North America.

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Taxonomy The tribe Agriotheriini consists of the three (perhaps four) genera

• Agriotherium
• Huracan
• Indarctos
• Miomaci (possibly).

The taxonomy of these bears has variously placed some of the genera in other bear lineages such as Hemicyoninae and Ursavini.

R.M. Hunt (1998). 9780521355193, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521355193

Recent papers support their inclusion with as members of Ailuropodinae based on diagnostic features like

• large cheek teeth
• parastyle fourth premolar with an enlarged inner lobe
• wide first and second molars being
• high mandible, with respect to the lower tooth row.

They are unlike their closest living relative, the giant panda ( Ailuropoda melanoleuca) which evolved into a highly specialized bamboo-eater: The evolution of agriotheriins lead to the group becoming large, hypercarnivorous bears that had adaptations of unique in the evolutionary history of bears.

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Ichnotaxa The ichnotaxon Platykopus (sometimes spelt Platycopus) has sometimes been ascribed to Agriotheriini; an large ursid trackway assigned to Platykopus stuartjohnsoni from late Miocene Texas was tentatively assigned to Huracan coffeyi, due to H. coffeyi remains being present at the same formation (Coffee Ranch Quarry), and their similarity to Agriotherium africanum footbones from Langebaanweg. The type species Platykopus ilycalcator was first recovered from late Miocene Nevada, and has also been described from the Oligocene & Miocene of Shokurchi. Platykopus maxima has been recovered from Hungary, however researchers believe these trackways are of Amphicyonidae origin due to their early Miocene age.

Though both ichnotaxon are large-sized plantigrade footprints with five digits, Platykopus is distinct from the ichnotaxon Ursichnus (ursine and tremarctine bears). The oval digit imprints are usually connected to the palm/sole and close to the pad, sometimes with double lobed Phalanx bone pads instead of one. Digit I is central and often the most deeply impressed, with subsequent digits forming a symmetrical arc around the palm/sole. The metatarsal imprint is underdeveloped in the palm, making the foot longer and narrower. Unlike other ursids, the manus and foot proportions and pads of Platykopus are nearly 1:1; the tracks are smaller than other ursids (maximum foot length of 25cm), with a maximum foot length of 13.5cm. Absent in Platykopus are primitive hallux imprints behind manus tracks, with claw imprints are only being slightly visible, similar to brown bear tracks.

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